方法一：前缀和 + 枚举

先求每行、每列的前缀和。然后从大到小枚举尺寸 $k$，找到第一个符合条件的 $k$，然后返回即可。否则最后返回 $1$。

class Solution:
    def largestMagicSquare(self, grid: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        m, n = len(grid), len(grid[0])
        rowsum = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        colsum = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        for i in range(1, m + 1):
            for j in range(1, n + 1):
                rowsum[i][j] = rowsum[i][j - 1] + grid[i - 1][j - 1]
                colsum[i][j] = colsum[i - 1][j] + grid[i - 1][j - 1]

        def check(x1, y1, x2, y2):
            val = rowsum[x1 + 1][y2 + 1] - rowsum[x1 + 1][y1]
            for i in range(x1 + 1, x2 + 1):
                if rowsum[i + 1][y2 + 1] - rowsum[i + 1][y1] != val:
                    return False
            for j in range(y1, y2 + 1):
                if colsum[x2 + 1][j + 1] - colsum[x1][j + 1] != val:
                    return False
            s, i, j = 0, x1, y1
            while i <= x2:
                s += grid[i][j]
                i += 1
                j += 1
            if s != val:
                return False
            s, i, j = 0, x1, y2
            while i <= x2:
                s += grid[i][j]
                i += 1
                j -= 1
            if s != val:
                return False
            return True

        for k in range(min(m, n), 1, -1):
            i = 0
            while i + k - 1 < m:
                j = 0
                while j + k - 1 < n:
                    i2, j2 = i + k - 1, j + k - 1
                    if check(i, j, i2, j2):
                        return k
                    j += 1
                i += 1
        return 1

class Solution {
    private int[][] rowsum;
    private int[][] colsum;

    public int largestMagicSquare(int[][] grid) {
        int m = grid.length, n = grid[0].length;
        rowsum = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        colsum = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
                rowsum[i][j] = rowsum[i][j - 1] + grid[i - 1][j - 1];
                colsum[i][j] = colsum[i - 1][j] + grid[i - 1][j - 1];
            }
        }
        for (int k = Math.min(m, n); k > 1; --k) {
            for (int i = 0; i + k - 1 < m; ++i) {
                for (int j = 0; j + k - 1 < n; ++j) {
                    int i2 = i + k - 1, j2 = j + k - 1;
                    if (check(grid, i, j, i2, j2)) {
                        return k;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return 1;
    }

    private boolean check(int[][] grid, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
        int val = rowsum[x1 + 1][y2 + 1] - rowsum[x1 + 1][y1];
        for (int i = x1 + 1; i <= x2; ++i) {
            if (rowsum[i + 1][y2 + 1] - rowsum[i + 1][y1] != val) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        for (int j = y1; j <= y2; ++j) {
            if (colsum[x2 + 1][j + 1] - colsum[x1][j + 1] != val) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        int s = 0;
        for (int i = x1, j = y1; i <= x2; ++i, ++j) {
            s += grid[i][j];
        }
        if (s != val) {
            return false;
        }
        s = 0;
        for (int i = x1, j = y2; i <= x2; ++i, --j) {
            s += grid[i][j];
        }
        if (s != val) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

class Solution {
public:
    int largestMagicSquare(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {
        int m = grid.size(), n = grid.size();
        vector<vector<int>> rowsum(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));
        vector<vector<int>> colsum(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i)
        {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
            {
                rowsum[i][j] = rowsum[i][j - 1] + grid[i - 1][j - 1];
                colsum[i][j] = colsum[i - 1][j] + grid[i - 1][j - 1];
            }
        }
        for (int k = min(m, n); k > 1; --k)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i + k - 1 < m; ++i)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j + k - 1 < n; ++j)
                {
                    int i2 = i + k - 1, j2 = j + k - 1;
                    if (check(grid, rowsum, colsum, i, j, i2, j2))
                        return k;
                }
            }
        }
        return 1;
    }

    bool check(vector<vector<int>> &grid, vector<vector<int>> &rowsum, vector<vector<int>> &colsum, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
    {
        int val = rowsum[x1 + 1][y2 + 1] - rowsum[x1 + 1][y1];
        for (int i = x1 + 1; i <= x2; ++i)
            if (rowsum[i + 1][y2 + 1] - rowsum[i + 1][y1] != val)
                return false;
        for (int j = y1; j <= y2; ++j)
            if (colsum[x2 + 1][j + 1] - colsum[x1][j + 1] != val)
                return false;
        int s = 0;
        for (int i = x1, j = y1; i <= x2; ++i, ++j)
            s += grid[i][j];
        if (s != val)
            return false;
        s = 0;
        for (int i = x1, j = y2; i <= x2; ++i, --j)
            s += grid[i][j];
        if (s != val)
            return false;
        return true;
    }
};

func largestMagicSquare(grid [][]int) int {
m, n := len(grid), len(grid[0])
rowsum := make([][]int, m+1)
colsum := make([][]int, m+1)
for i := 0; i <= m; i++ {
rowsum[i] = make([]int, n+1)
colsum[i] = make([]int, n+1)
}
for i := 1; i < m+1; i++ {
for j := 1; j < n+1; j++ {
rowsum[i][j] = rowsum[i][j-1] + grid[i-1][j-1]
colsum[i][j] = colsum[i-1][j] + grid[i-1][j-1]
}
}
for k := min(m, n); k > 1; k-- {
for i := 0; i+k-1 < m; i++ {
for j := 0; j+k-1 < n; j++ {
i2, j2 := i+k-1, j+k-1
if check(grid, rowsum, colsum, i, j, i2, j2) {
return k
}
}
}
}
return 1
}

func check(grid, rowsum, colsum [][]int, x1, y1, x2, y2 int) bool {
val := rowsum[x1+1][y2+1] - rowsum[x1+1][y1]
for i := x1 + 1; i < x2+1; i++ {
if rowsum[i+1][y2+1]-rowsum[i+1][y1] != val {
return false
}
}
for j := y1; j < y2+1; j++ {
if colsum[x2+1][j+1]-colsum[x1][j+1] != val {
return false
}
}
s := 0
for i, j := x1, y1; i <= x2; i, j = i+1, j+1 {
s += grid[i][j]
}
if s != val {
return false
}
s = 0
for i, j := x1, y2; i <= x2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
s += grid[i][j]
}
if s != val {
return false
}
return true
}

func min(a, b int) int {
if a > b {
return a
}
return b
}