前言

本示例主要介绍多重筛选场景，利用数组方法过滤满足条件的数据，利用LazyForEach实现列表信息的渲染以及刷新。

效果图预览

使用说明

1. 等待列表数据全部加载完成后，点击筛选类型，展开筛选数据。
2. 选中想要筛选的数据，点击确认，列表刷新。
3. 再次点开筛选类型，保留上次筛选的内容，点击重置筛选内容复原，列表数据恢复为未筛选前的数据。

实现思路

本例涉及的关键特性和实现方案如下：

1. 使用Grid实现筛选条件布局。

   Grid() { ForEach(this.item.options, (options: string, idx: number) => { GridItem() { Text(options) .textAlign(TextAlign.Center) .fontSize(16) .height(40) .width('100%') } ... }) } .columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr 1fr') .rowsGap(16) .columnsGap(16) .margin({ left: 16, right: 6, top: 8, bottom: 8 }) .layoutDirection(GridDirection.Row) .constraintSize({ minHeight: '15%', maxHeight: '15%'// grid会撑满maxHeight，先限定死高度 })

2. 使用数组方法对筛选数据进行过滤，得到筛选数据。

   GridItem() { Text(options) .textAlign(TextAlign.Center) .fontSize(16) .height(40) .width('100%') } .onClick(() => { if (this.item.selectItem.includes(idx)) { let index = this.item.selectItem.indexOf(idx); let listIdx = this.changData.indexOf(options); // 删除已存在的筛选数据的index值 this.item.selectItem.splice(index, 1); // 过滤出来没有重复数据的筛选值 this.changData = this.changData.filter(i => i !== options); this.selectArr = this.item.selectItem; // 删除已选择的数据的行数index数组 this.arrayListData.splice(listIdx, 1); } else { // 添加筛选数据的index值 this.item.selectItem.push(idx); // 添加选中的数据 this.changData.push(options); this.selectArr = this.item.selectItem; // 添加选择的数据的行数index数组 this.arrayListData.push(this.listIndex); } })

3. 得到筛选的数据后根据点击的筛选数据行数，使用has进行if判断看是否满足多重筛选的条件。

   Button('确认') .height(40) .width(150) .backgroundColor(Color.White) .fontColor('#333') .onClick(() => { this.isShow = false; let arrayListData = new Set(this.arrayListData) if (arrayListData.has(0) && !arrayListData.has(1)) { // 仅选择停放时间 this.siteList.timeMultiFilter(this.changData); } else if (!arrayListData.has(0) && arrayListData.has(1)) { // 仅选择套餐类型 this.siteList.typeMultiFilter(this.changData); } else if (!arrayListData.has(0) && !arrayListData.has(1) && arrayListData.has(2)) { // 仅选择充电 this.siteList.getInitalList(); } else if (this.changData.length === 0) { // 未对数据进行选择 this.siteList.getInitalList(); } else { // 多重筛选 this.siteList.multiFilter(this.changData); } if (this.siteList.totalCount() === 0) { this.siteList.getInitalList(); promptAction.showToast({ message: "未找到相关数据" }); } })

4. 使用filter过滤出来符合条件的数据，筛选出来的数组构建一个新的Set，使用Set中的has判断列表中相关数据是否存在。

   public multiFilter(changData: Array) { let siteListString: string | undefined = AppStorage.get('siteList') if (siteListString) { let siteListObject: SiteListDataSource | undefined = JSON.parse(siteListString) if (siteListObject === undefined) { return } this.initialSiteList = siteListObject.dataList this.dataList = [] this.dataList = this.initialSiteList // 筛选数据 let changDataSet = new Set(changData) let dataList: SiteItem[] = this.dataList.filter(item => { item.siteBale = item.siteBale.filter(item => { if ((item.time && item.type) && (changDataSet.has(item.time)) && (changDataSet.has(item.type))) { return item } return }) return item.siteBale }) dataList = dataList.filter(item => item.siteBale.length !== 0); this.dataList = []; this.dataList = dataList; this.notifyDataReload(); } }

5. 使用深拷贝保留原数据。

   /**

   • 返回原数组 */ public getInitalList() { let siteListString: string | undefined = AppStorage.get('siteList'); if (siteListString) { let siteListObject: SiteListDataSource | undefined = JSON.parse(siteListString); if (siteListObject === undefined) { return; } this.initialSiteList = siteListObject.dataList; this.dataList = []; this.dataList = this.initialSiteList; this.notifyDataReload(); } }

如果您想系统深入地学习 HarmonyOS 开发或想考取HarmonyOS认证证书，欢迎加入华为开发者学堂：

请点击→： HarmonyOS官方认证培训

前言

AudioDock（声仓）发布之后，好多感兴趣的小伙伴给了我反馈，感谢支持！

github.com/mmdctjj/Aud…

今天先来介绍下绿联云 NAS 的安装指南。我的NAS型号是：DH2600，新系统。

往期精彩推荐

• pnpm + monorepo 才是 AI 协同开发的最佳方案！🚀🚀🚀
• # AudioDock：服务器和 NAS 音频播放最棒的软件！🚀🚀🚀
• 更多精彩内容欢迎关注我的公众号：萌萌哒草头将军

正文

准备工作

首先确保自己的 NAS 可以下载 Docker 镜像。无法下载可以在后台私信我。

然后在 共享文件夹/docker 目录下新增一个文件目录：audiodock。

我新建过了，所以新建了 audiodock2 项目。

打开这个文件目录，新建三个文件夹：music、audio、covers

music 是映射音乐的目录、audio 是映射声书的目录，covers 存放解析后封面的目录。

从 GitHub 下载的 nginx.conf 文件拖动到当前目录下。下载地址：github.com/mmdctjj/Aud…

然后打开 Docker 应用的项目栏目，新建一个项目：audiodock

这时候系统会自动识别新建的 audiodock 目录。

将下面的内容复制到 compose 配置中。

version: "3.8"

services:
  # 1. API 后端服务 (Node.js)
  api:
    platform: linux/amd64
    image: mmdctjj/audiodock-api
    container_name: audiodock-api

    # 容器内部端口 (3000) 默认对内部网络开放，无需 ports 字段映射到宿主机
    # 如果要直接测试 API，可以加上 ports: - "3000:3000"
    ports:
      - "8858:3000"

    environment:
      - AUDIO_BOOK_DIR=/audio
      - MUSIC_BASE_DIR=/music
      - CACHE_DIR=/covers
      - DATABASE_URL=file:/data/dev.db

    # 挂载数据文件和缓存，使用 Docker 命名卷更安全
    volumes:
      - /volume1/迅雷下载/有声书:/audio
      - /volume1/迅雷下载/音乐:/music
      - ./covers:/covers
      - api-db:/data

    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - audiodock-network

  # 2. Web 前端服务 (Nginx) - 用于托管静态文件和反向代理
  web:
    platform: linux/amd64
    image: mmdctjj/audiodock-web
    container_name: audiodock-web
    ports:
      - "9959:9958" # <--- 将 Web 服务的 80 端口映射到宿主机的 8080 端口
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    depends_on:
      - api # 确保 API 容器先启动
    networks:
      - audiodock-network

volumes:
  api-cache: # 命名卷用于缓存
  api-db: # 命名卷用于 SQLite 或其他数据文件

networks:
  audiodock-network:

重点替换替换下映射路径：

 # 挂载数据文件和缓存，使用 Docker 命名卷更安全
    volumes:
      - /volume1/迅雷下载/有声书:/audio
      - /volume1/迅雷下载/音乐:/music
      - ./covers:/covers
      - api-db:/data

映射路径的查看是选中文件夹右键属性，可以看到具体的地址，复制即可。

最后保证服务端口映射没有重复，点击重新部署即可启动服务。

接下来稍等一会，等数据入库完成，后端服务占用资源减少

打开页面地址，会看到页面是这样的

输入后端服务器地址，鼠标点击页面空白区域，或者按 tab 键，会触发后端服务状态检查，绿代表链接成功，红色代表链接错误。

输入用户名、密码登陆，或者点注册之后输入确认密码登陆并注册！

页面会刷新首页，看到是这样的首页说明完全成功了（马赛克是防止版权问题平台不过审）！

以上就是部署服务端、web端的教程！桌面端的部署请看上篇文章。移动端预计本周末发版，敬请期待！

最后

本篇文章主要介绍了绿联云 nas 如何安装 AudioDock ！

为了方便大家交流，我建了一个沟通群，欢迎大家入群交流。

如果无法下载镜像或者 nginx.conf 等文件，可以在后台回复 audiodock，我看到会发最新版的下载链接。

欢迎 Star：github.com/mmdctjj/Aud…

往期精彩推荐

• pnpm + monorepo 才是 AI 协同开发的最佳方案！🚀🚀🚀
• # AudioDock：服务器和 NAS 音频播放最棒的软件！🚀🚀🚀
• 更多精彩内容欢迎关注我的公众号：萌萌哒草头将军

前言

❝

GeoJSON 作为一种通用的地理数据格式，可以很方便地用于共享交换。在 GIS 开发中，经常需要进行数据的转换处理，其中常见的便是将 GeoJSON 转换为 Shp 数据进行展示。

在之前的文章中讲了如何使用GDAL或者ogr2ogr工具将txt以及csv文本数据转换为Shp格式，本篇教程在之前一系列文章的基础上讲解如何使用GDAL将GeoJSON转换为Shp数据。

• GDAL 简介
• GDAL 下载安装
• GDAL 开发起步

如果你还没有看过，建议从以上内容开始。

1. 开发环境

本文使用如下开发环境，以供参考。

时间：2025年

系统：Windows 11

Python：3.11.7

GDAL：3.11.1

2. 数据准备

GeoJSON是一种用于编码各种地理数据结构的格式，采用JSON方式表示。在WebGIS开发中，被广泛应用于数据传输和共享交换。

有关GeoJSON数据的详细介绍，请参考往期文章：GeoJSON 数据简介

如下是本文选取的部分国家边界范围的GeoJSON数据结构：

{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":"AFG","properties":{"name":"Afghanistan"},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[61.210817,35.650072],[62.230651,35.270664],[62.984662,35.404041],[63.193538,35.857166],[63.982896,36.007957],[64.546479,36.312073],[64.746105,37.111818],[65.588948,37.305217],[65.745631,37.661164],[66.217385,37.39379],[66.518607,37.362784],[67.075782,37.356144],[67.83,37.144994],[68.135562,37.023115],[68.859446,37.344336],[69.196273,37.151144],[69.518785,37.608997],[70.116578,37.588223],[70.270574,37.735165],[70.376304,38.138396],[70.806821,38.486282],[71.348131,38.258905],[71.239404,37.953265],[71.541918,37.905774],[71.448693,37.065645],[71.844638,36.738171],[72.193041,36.948288],[72.63689,37.047558],[73.260056,37.495257],[73.948696,37.421566],[74.980002,37.41999],[75.158028,37.133031],[74.575893,37.020841],[74.067552,36.836176],[72.920025,36.720007],[71.846292,36.509942],[71.262348,36.074388],[71.498768,35.650563],[71.613076,35.153203],[71.115019,34.733126],[71.156773,34.348911],[70.881803,33.988856],[69.930543,34.02012],[70.323594,33.358533],[69.687147,33.105499],[69.262522,32.501944],[69.317764,31.901412],[68.926677,31.620189],[68.556932,31.71331],[67.792689,31.58293],[67.683394,31.303154],[66.938891,31.304911],[66.381458,30.738899],[66.346473,29.887943],[65.046862,29.472181],[64.350419,29.560031],[64.148002,29.340819],[63.550261,29.468331],[62.549857,29.318572],[60.874248,29.829239],[61.781222,30.73585],[61.699314,31.379506],[60.941945,31.548075],[60.863655,32.18292],[60.536078,32.981269],[60.9637,33.528832],[60.52843,33.676446],[60.803193,34.404102],[61.210817,35.650072]]]}},
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{"type":"Feature","id":"ALB","properties":{"name":"Albania"},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[20.590247,41.855404],[20.463175,41.515089],[20.605182,41.086226],[21.02004,40.842727],[20.99999,40.580004],[20.674997,40.435],[20.615,40.110007],[20.150016,39.624998],[19.98,39.694993],[19.960002,39.915006],[19.406082,40.250773],[19.319059,40.72723],[19.40355,41.409566],[19.540027,41.719986],[19.371769,41.877548],[19.304486,42.195745],[19.738051,42.688247],[19.801613,42.500093],[20.0707,42.58863],[20.283755,42.32026],[20.52295,42.21787],[20.590247,41.855404]]]}},
{"type":"Feature","id":"ARE","properties":{"name":"United Arab Emirates"},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[51.579519,24.245497],[51.757441,24.294073],[51.794389,24.019826],[52.577081,24.177439],[53.404007,24.151317],[54.008001,24.121758],[54.693024,24.797892],[55.439025,25.439145],[56.070821,26.055464],[56.261042,25.714606],[56.396847,24.924732],[55.886233,24.920831],[55.804119,24.269604],[55.981214,24.130543],[55.528632,23.933604],[55.525841,23.524869],[55.234489,23.110993],[55.208341,22.70833],[55.006803,22.496948],[52.000733,23.001154],[51.617708,24.014219],[51.579519,24.245497]]]}},
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]}

3. 导入依赖

GeoJSON作为一种矢量数据格式，可以使用矢量库OGR进行处理，以实现GeoJSON数据从文本格式转换为Shp格式。其中还涉及坐标定义，所以还需要引入osr模块。

from osgeo import ogr,osr
import os

4. 数据读取与转换

定义一个方法GeoJSON2Shp(geoPath,shpPath)用于将GeoJSON数据转换为Shp数据。

"""
说明：将 GeoJSON 文件转换为 Shapfile 文件
参数：
    -geoPath：GeoJSON 文件路径
    -shpPath：Shp 文件路径
"""
def GeoJSON2Shp(geoPath,shpPath):

在进行GeoJSON数据格式转换之前，需要检查数据路径是否存在。

# 检查文件是否存在
if os.path.exists(geoPath):
    print("GeoJSON 文件存在。")
else:
    print("GeoJSON 文件不存在，请重新选择文件！")
    return

打开GeoJSON数据。

# 打开JSON文件
jsonDataSource = ogr.Open(geoPath)
jsonLayer = jsonDataSource.GetLayer()

使用os.path.exists方法检查Shp文件是否已经创建，如果存在则将其删除。

if os.path.exists(shpPath):
    try:
        shpDriver.DeleteDataSource(shpPath)
        print("文件已删除！")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"文件删除出错：{e}")
        return False

通过GetDriverByName获取Shp数据驱动，并创建Shp数据源。

# 创建Shp数据源
shpDriver = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")
shpDataSource = shpDriver.CreateDataSource(shpPath)

添加Shp图层属性。获取源数据坐标系、属性字段以及几何对象，并将其复制到目标图层中。属性结构显示如下：

# 获取坐标系
srs = jsonLayer.GetSpatialRef()

# 创建Shp数据图层
shpLayer = shpDataSource.CreateLayer(
    "layer",
    srs=srs,
    geom_type=jsonLayer.GetGeomType()
)

# 获取字段属性
layerDefn = jsonLayer.GetLayerDefn()
for i in range(layerDefn.GetFieldCount()):
    fieldDefn = layerDefn.GetFieldDefn(i)
    shpLayer.CreateField(fieldDefn)

# 获取几何属性
for feature in jsonLayer:
    shpLayer.CreateFeature(feature)

在数据读取完成之后关闭数据源。

# 关闭数据源
jsonDataSource = shpDataSource = None

数据转换完成之后在ArcMap中打开的显示效果：数据属性：

我强烈推荐使用鸿蒙原生资源限定词方案，配合一个简单的开关控制。这是最优雅、最高效的实现方式。让我用一个完整可运行的示例告诉你为什么。

一、完整实现：一个开关控制白天/黑夜模式

1.1 项目结构

project/
├── AppScope/resources/
│   ├── base/element/color.json      # 白天模式颜色
│   └── dark/element/color.json      # 夜间模式颜色
├── entry/src/main/ets/
│   ├── pages/
│   │   └── Index.ets               # 主页面
│   └── utils/
│       └── ThemeUtils.ets          # 主题管理工具
└── entry/src/main/resources/
    ├── base/media/                 # 白天模式图标
    └── dark/media/                 # 夜间模式图标

1.2 颜色资源定义

白天主题颜色 (base/element/color.json):

{
  "color": [
    {
      "name": "app_bg_primary",
      "value": "#F8F9FA"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_text_primary",
      "value": "#212529"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_card_bg",
      "value": "#FFFFFF"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_accent_primary",
      "value": "#0D6EFD"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_switch_track_on",
      "value": "#34C759"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_switch_track_off",
      "value": "#E9ECEF"
    }
  ]
}

夜间主题颜色 (dark/element/color.json):

{
  "color": [
    {
      "name": "app_bg_primary",
      "value": "#121212"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_text_primary",
      "value": "#E9ECEF"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_card_bg",
      "value": "#1E1E1E"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_accent_primary",
      "value": "#6EA8FE"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_switch_track_on",
      "value": "#30D158"
    },
    {
      "name": "app_switch_track_off",
      "value": "#3A3A3C"
    }
  ]
}

1.3 主题管理工具

// utils/ThemeUtils.ets
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
import Configuration from '@ohos.app.ability.Configuration';
import Preferences from '@ohos.data.preferences';

export enum ThemeMode {
  LIGHT = 'light',
  DARK = 'dark',
  SYSTEM = 'system'
}

export class ThemeUtils {
  private static instance: ThemeUtils;
  private appContext: common.ApplicationContext | null = null;
  private preferences: Preferences | null = null;
  private readonly PREF_NAME = 'app_theme_prefs';
  private readonly THEME_KEY = 'current_theme';
  
  // 主题变化监听器
  private listeners: Array<(mode: ThemeMode) => void> = [];
  
  // 单例模式
  static getInstance(): ThemeUtils {
    if (!ThemeUtils.instance) {
      ThemeUtils.instance = new ThemeUtils();
    }
    return ThemeUtils.instance;
  }
  
  // 初始化
  async initialize(context: common.Context): Promise<void> {
    try {
      // 获取应用上下文
      const abilityContext = context as common.UIAbilityContext;
      this.appContext = abilityContext.configuration.appContext;
      
      // 初始化Preferences存储
      this.preferences = await Preferences.getPreferences(context, this.PREF_NAME);
      
      console.log('ThemeUtils 初始化完成');
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('ThemeUtils 初始化失败:', error);
    }
  }
  
  // 获取当前主题
  async getCurrentTheme(): Promise<ThemeMode> {
    if (!this.preferences) {
      return ThemeMode.SYSTEM;
    }
    
    try {
      const theme = await this.preferences.get(this.THEME_KEY, ThemeMode.SYSTEM) as string;
      return theme as ThemeMode;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('获取主题失败:', error);
      return ThemeMode.SYSTEM;
    }
  }
  
  // 切换主题
  async toggleTheme(): Promise<void> {
    const current = await this.getCurrentTheme();
    let newTheme: ThemeMode;
    
    // 简单切换逻辑：白天 ↔ 夜间
    if (current === ThemeMode.LIGHT) {
      newTheme = ThemeMode.DARK;
    } else if (current === ThemeMode.DARK) {
      newTheme = ThemeMode.LIGHT;
    } else {
      // 如果是跟随系统，默认切换到夜间
      newTheme = ThemeMode.DARK;
    }
    
    await this.setTheme(newTheme);
  }
  
  // 设置主题
  async setTheme(mode: ThemeMode): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.appContext || !this.preferences) {
      console.error('ThemeUtils 未初始化');
      return;
    }
    
    try {
      // 保存到Preferences
      await this.preferences.put(this.THEME_KEY, mode);
      await this.preferences.flush();
      
      // 应用到系统
      let colorMode: Configuration.ColorMode;
      
      switch (mode) {
        case ThemeMode.LIGHT:
          colorMode = Configuration.ColorMode.COLOR_MODE_LIGHT;
          break;
        case ThemeMode.DARK:
          colorMode = Configuration.ColorMode.COLOR_MODE_DARK;
          break;
        case ThemeMode.SYSTEM:
          colorMode = Configuration.ColorMode.COLOR_MODE_SYSTEM;
          break;
        default:
          colorMode = Configuration.ColorMode.COLOR_MODE_LIGHT;
      }
      
      this.appContext.setColorMode(colorMode);
      
      console.log(`主题已切换为: ${mode}`);
      
      // 通知所有监听器
      this.notifyListeners(mode);
      
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('设置主题失败:', error);
    }
  }
  
  // 监听主题变化
  addListener(callback: (mode: ThemeMode) => void): void {
    this.listeners.push(callback);
  }
  
  // 移除监听器
  removeListener(callback: (mode: ThemeMode) => void): void {
    const index = this.listeners.indexOf(callback);
    if (index > -1) {
      this.listeners.splice(index, 1);
    }
  }
  
  // 通知所有监听器
  private notifyListeners(mode: ThemeMode): void {
    for (const listener of this.listeners) {
      try {
        listener(mode);
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('监听器执行失败:', error);
      }
    }
  }
}

1.4 主页面实现（包含切换开关）

// pages/Index.ets
import { ThemeUtils, ThemeMode } from '../utils/ThemeUtils';

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  @State currentTheme: ThemeMode = ThemeMode.LIGHT;
  @State isDarkMode: boolean = false;
  
  // 在页面显示时初始化主题
  aboutToAppear(): void {
    this.initTheme();
  }
  
  // 初始化主题
  async initTheme(): Promise<void> {
    const themeUtils = ThemeUtils.getInstance();
    this.currentTheme = await themeUtils.getCurrentTheme();
    this.isDarkMode = this.currentTheme === ThemeMode.DARK;
    
    // 监听主题变化
    themeUtils.addListener((mode: ThemeMode) => {
      this.currentTheme = mode;
      this.isDarkMode = mode === ThemeMode.DARK;
    });
  }
  
  // 切换主题
  async toggleTheme(): Promise<void> {
    const themeUtils = ThemeUtils.getInstance();
    await themeUtils.toggleTheme();
  }
  
  // 获取开关状态文字
  getSwitchText(): string {
    return this.isDarkMode ? '夜间模式' : '白天模式';
  }
  
  // 获取模式图标
  getModeIcon(): Resource {
    return this.isDarkMode 
      ? $r('app.media.icon_moon')   // 月亮图标（夜间）
      : $r('app.media.icon_sun');   // 太阳图标（白天）
  }
  
  // 构建界面
  build() {
    Column() {
      // 顶部标题栏
      Row() {
        Text('主题设置')
          .fontSize(24)
          .fontColor($r('app.color.app_text_primary'))
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
        
        Blank()
        
        Image(this.getModeIcon())
          .width(24)
          .height(24)
      }
      .width('100%')
      .padding({ left: 20, right: 20, top: 12, bottom: 12 })
      .backgroundColor($r('app.color.app_card_bg'))
      
      // 主要内容区域
      Scroll() {
        Column() {
          // 主题切换卡片
          Column() {
            Row() {
              Column() {
                Text('外观模式')
                  .fontSize(18)
                  .fontColor($r('app.color.app_text_primary'))
                  .fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
                
                Text(this.isDarkMode ? '深色主题，保护眼睛' : '浅色主题，清晰明亮')
                  .fontSize(14)
                  .fontColor($r('app.color.app_text_primary'))
                  .opacity(0.6)
                  .margin({ top: 4 })
              }
              .flexGrow(1)
              
              // 主题切换开关
              Toggle({ type: ToggleType.Switch, isOn: this.isDarkMode })
                .selectedColor($r('app.color.app_switch_track_on'))
                .switchPointColor($r('app.color.app_card_bg'))
                .onChange((isOn: boolean) => {
                  this.toggleTheme();
                })
            }
            .padding(20)
          }
          .backgroundColor($r('app.color.app_card_bg'))
          .borderRadius(12)
          .margin({ top: 20, left: 20, right: 20 })
          
          // 示例内容区域
          Column() {
            Text('示例内容')
              .fontSize(20)
              .fontColor($r('app.color.app_text_primary'))
              .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
              .margin({ bottom: 16 })
            
            Text('这是一个文本示例，用于展示不同主题下的显示效果。在白天模式下，文字为深色；在夜间模式下，文字为浅色。')
              .fontSize(16)
              .fontColor($r('app.color.app_text_primary'))
              .opacity(0.8)
              .lineHeight(24)
            
            Divider()
              .strokeWidth(1)
              .color($r('app.color.app_text_primary'))
              .opacity(0.1)
              .margin({ top: 20, bottom: 20 })
            
            Row() {
              Button('主要按钮')
                .backgroundColor($r('app.color.app_accent_primary'))
                .fontColor('#FFFFFF')
                .borderRadius(8)
                .padding({ left: 20, right: 20 })
              
              Button('次要按钮')
                .backgroundColor($r('app.color.app_card_bg'))
                .fontColor($r('app.color.app_text_primary'))
                .border({
                  color: $r('app.color.app_text_primary'),
                  width: 1,
                  style: BorderStyle.Solid
                })
                .borderRadius(8)
                .margin({ left: 12 })
                .padding({ left: 20, right: 20 })
            }
            .margin({ top: 16 })
          }
          .padding(24)
          .backgroundColor($r('app.color.app_card_bg'))
          .borderRadius(12)
          .margin({ top: 20, left: 20, right: 20, bottom: 40 })
        }
        .width('100%')
      }
      .flexGrow(1)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor($r('app.color.app_bg_primary'))
  }
}

1.5 在EntryAbility中初始化

// entry/src/main/ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets
import { ThemeUtils } from '../utils/ThemeUtils';
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  onCreate(want, launchParam) {
    console.log('EntryAbility onCreate');
    
    // 初始化主题工具
    ThemeUtils.getInstance().initialize(this.context);
  }
}

二、为什么这是最佳方案？

2.1 简单直观，一行代码切换

// 核心切换逻辑，只需一行代码！
this.appContext.setColorMode(colorMode);

2.2 自动适配所有组件

一旦切换系统颜色模式，所有使用资源引用的组件都会自动更新：

• 文本颜色
• 背景颜色
• 边框颜色
• 图标资源
• 甚至图片资源（如果有dark目录版本）

2.3 零耦合，高内聚

• 业务组件：只关心$r('app.color.xxx')，不关心当前主题
• 主题管理：集中在ThemeUtils，统一管理状态
• 资源定义：设计师可以直接修改JSON文件

2.4 持久化存储

使用Preferences自动保存用户选择，下次启动自动恢复：

// 保存主题选择
await preferences.put('current_theme', mode);
await preferences.flush();

// 读取主题选择
const theme = await preferences.get('current_theme', 'light');

三、对比工具类方案的劣势

如果用工具类方案，你需要：

3.1 繁琐的状态管理

// 每个组件都需要监听主题变化
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  @State textColor: string = '#000000';
  
  aboutToAppear() {
    // 监听主题变化
    ThemeManager.addListener(() => {
      this.textColor = ThemeManager.getTextColor();
    });
  }
  
  build() {
    Text('示例')
      .fontColor(this.textColor)  // 需要状态变量
  }
}

3.2 手动更新所有组件

// 切换主题时需要手动更新所有组件
class ThemeManager {
  static toggleTheme() {
    this.isDark = !this.isDark;
    
    // 需要手动触发所有组件更新
    for (const component of this.registeredComponents) {
      component.updateTheme();
    }
  }
}

3.3 性能问题

• 每次切换都要重新计算所有颜色
• 组件需要频繁重绘
• 无法利用系统的优化机制

四、高级功能扩展

4.1 添加跟随系统选项

// 在ThemeUtils中添加
async setFollowSystem(enable: boolean): Promise<void> {
  if (enable) {
    await this.setTheme(ThemeMode.SYSTEM);
    
    // 监听系统主题变化
    this.appContext.on('colorModeChange', (newMode: Configuration.ColorMode) => {
      console.log('系统主题已改变:', newMode);
      this.notifyListeners(this.mapSystemMode(newMode));
    });
  }
}

private mapSystemMode(mode: Configuration.ColorMode): ThemeMode {
  switch (mode) {
    case Configuration.ColorMode.COLOR_MODE_DARK:
      return ThemeMode.DARK;
    case Configuration.ColorMode.COLOR_MODE_LIGHT:
      return ThemeMode.LIGHT;
    default:
      return ThemeMode.LIGHT;
  }
}

4.2 添加动画效果

// 在切换主题时添加过渡动画
async toggleThemeWithAnimation(): Promise<void> {
  // 先设置半透明
  this.applyOpacityAnimation();
  
  // 延迟切换主题
  setTimeout(async () => {
    await this.toggleTheme();
    
    // 恢复不透明
    this.removeOpacityAnimation();
  }, 300);
}

4.3 多主题支持（节日主题等）

// 扩展支持更多主题
enum ExtendedThemeMode {
  LIGHT = 'light',
  DARK = 'dark',
  SYSTEM = 'system',
  FESTIVAL = 'festival',  // 节日主题
  HIGH_CONTRAST = 'high_contrast'  // 高对比度
}

// 创建对应的资源目录
// resources/festival/element/color.json
// resources/high_contrast/element/color.json

五、实践建议

5.1 新项目：直接使用资源限定词方案

• 从第一天就建立base/和dark/目录
• 所有颜色使用$r('app.color.xxx')
• 一个开关控制全部

5.2 老项目迁移：三步走

1. 第一步：创建dark/color.json，复制所有颜色
2. 第二步：逐步替换硬编码为资源引用
3. 第三步：添加主题切换开关

5.3 设计规范

1. 使用语义化颜色名称：primary_text、secondary_bg
2. 建立颜色设计系统文档
3. 定期同步设计和开发的颜色值

总结

对于"一个开关控制白天/黑夜模式"的需求，鸿蒙的资源限定词方案是最佳选择。

它提供了：

• ✅ 一键切换：一个开关控制全局
• ✅ 自动适配：所有组件自动更新
• ✅ 零代码侵入：业务组件无需修改
• ✅ 高性能：系统级优化
• ✅ 易维护：颜色集中管理
• ✅ 可扩展：支持多主题

而工具类方案需要：

• ❌ 每个组件监听主题变化
• ❌ 手动更新所有颜色
• ❌ 性能损耗
• ❌ 维护困难

选择资源限定词方案，让你的主题切换像呼吸一样自然！

36氪获悉，胜通能源公告，公司股票自2025年12月12日至29日期间价格涨幅为213.97%，已严重背离公司基本面。为维护投资者利益，公司将就股票交易波动情况进行停牌核查。公司提醒广大投资者注意二级市场交易风险，近期公司股票价格显著偏离大盘指数和行业指数，短期波动幅度较大，已明显偏离市场走势，存在较高的炒作风险。公司主营业务未发生重大变化，股价短期内连续上涨，可能存在市场情绪过热、非理性炒作风险。公司不存在应披露而未披露的重大信息。公司股票自2025年12月30日起停牌，预计停牌时间不超过3个交易日。

36氪获悉，热门中概股美股盘前多数下跌，截至发稿，阿里巴巴跌3%，哔哩哔哩、理想汽车、小鹏汽车跌超2%，京东、百度跌超1%，蔚来涨0.59%，爱奇艺涨0.52%。

36氪获悉，美股大型科技股盘前普跌，截至发稿，英伟达、特斯拉跌超1%，谷歌跌0.55%，Meta跌0.45%，苹果跌0.4%，微软跌0.28%，亚马逊跌0.09%。

据报道，Lululemon创始人发起代理权争夺战，试图改组董事会。（第一财经）

前言

远程搜索下拉控件是非常常见的控件，应用在表单填写场景下，也是非常合适的，本例将带领大家实现以下效果，并真实了解并熟悉 luckysheet 的二开流程。

拓展单元格属性

在官网上，有一个常见问题，既然已知批注是直接加到单元格属性上，那么，我们拓展属性，是不是可以参考批注的实现方案？

我们设定以下是远程搜索下拉的单元格拓展属性：

// 扩展后的单元格对象
const cell = {
    v: null, // 原始值
    m: null, // 显示值
    ct: { fa: "General", t: "s" },
    // ... other properties

    // 新增远程搜索下拉配置
    remoteSelect: {
        // 是否启用远程搜索，[必传]
        enable: boolean,

        // 用户输入时的回调函数，用于获取远程数据
        onInput(value): Promise<Array<string>> {
            // 这个函数需要返回一个Promise对象，resolve一个数组，数组的元素为下拉选项对象
        }

        // 用户选定某个选项后的回调函数
        onSelect(item): void {
            // item 为用户选定的选项对象，值是onInput函数返回的数组中的某个元素
        }

        // 是否需要设定当前输入单元格的值 [可选]
        setValue(item): string{
           // item 为用户选定的选项对象，需要返回一个字符串，用于设定单元格的值
        },

        // 自定义类名  [可选]
        popperClass: string,
    },
};

何时触发？

在这个场景中，我们需要在用户输入值时，进行远程数据获取，渲染列表，因此，需要在用户进行编辑时，进行处理：

1. 一个方案，是在初始化 inputHTML 时，将相关事件处理：

 $("body").append(inputHTML)
 // 进行相关事件绑定: [伪代码]
 $input.on('input',function(){
 // 这里是未知具体单元格信息的，需要通过外部传递
 const remoteSelectOptions = Store.flowdata[r][c]
 // 执行后续操作
 })

2. 另一个方案，是用户双击时，唤起输入框后，进行判断：

// handler.js
$("#luckysheet-cell-main, #luckysheetTableContent").dblclick(function(){
// 这个函数是内置的哈，因此，可以直接获取到 r c
// 判断当前单元格是否需要初始化远程搜索控件
RemoteSelect.checkCellNeedRemoteSelect(row_index, col_index)
})

两种方案我都试过了，实现略有不同，但都可以实现，还是借助原生的 dblclick 好处理些。

校验远程搜索下拉

既然每一个单元格双击，都会触发这个校验，那么何时才需要初始化这个下拉框呢？

// 判断当前单元格是否需要显示下拉框
checkCellNeedRemoteSelect: function(r, c) {
    // 通过 r c 获取单元格信息
    let cell = Store.flowdata[r][c];

    // 如果 cell 没有配置 remoteSelect 或者 remoteSelect.enable 为 false 则返回
    if (!cell || !cell.remoteSelect || !cell.remoteSelect.enable) {
        return;
    }
}

检验完成后，如果需要初始化校验，别忘了， 我们底层还要监听输入框事件哈：

// 不然，开始监听 input 输入事件
$("#luckysheet-input-box .luckysheet-cell-input").off("input").on("input", function() {
        let value = $(this).text().trim(); // 获取用户输入的值
      
        if (cell.remoteSelect && cell.remoteSelect.onInput && typeof cell.remoteSelect.onInput == "function") {
            // 调用外部接口
            cell.remoteSelect
                .onInput(value)
                .then(function(dataList) {
                    $this.loading = false;
                    $this.showRemoteSelect(dataList);
                })
                .catch((error) => {
                    $this.loading = false;
                    $this.hideRemoteSelect();
                    console.log("请求接口错误", error);
                    tooltip.info('<i class="fa fa-exclamation-triangle"></i>', "接口请求失败");
                });
        }
    });

初始化下拉框

远程搜索的核心，就是下拉选项，当远程接口初始化完成后，执行如下：

dataList.forEach((item) => {
const $item = $(`<div class="${this.selectItemClass}">`)
.text(item)
.click(() => {
// 触发选择回调
if (cell.remoteSelect && cell.remoteSelect.onSelect && typeof cell.remoteSelect.onSelect === "function") {
    cell.remoteSelect.onSelect(item);
}
})

这里就一个难点要处理，如何将下拉框定位到输入框的位置：

// 这里采用巧方案，直接取输入框的位置
const $input = $("#luckysheet-input-box");
const left = parseInt($input.css("left")) || 0;
const top = parseInt($input.css("top")) || 0;

// 获取当前单元格的高度 行高
const [_row_pre, rowHeight] = rowLocation(this.r);

// 设置下拉框位置和宽度
$selectBox.css({
    top: `${top + rowHeight + 4}px`, // 在单元格下方显示
    left: `${left}px`,
});

总结

虽然代码看起来不复杂，但是了解luckysheet 的源码、实现思路，以及单元格拓展实现方案是非常重要的。

通过本次实现，我们初步了解了luckysheet的二次开发流程，在不破坏原有功能的基础上添加新特性。远程搜索下拉控件的实现展示了如何在现有表格组件基础上，通过合理的架构设计和代码组织，添加复杂交互功能。

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文章来源｜ByteDance Web Infra 团队

Midscene 自 2024 年开源发布以来，已经在 Github 斩获 11k star 、Trending 榜第二名等成绩，并在互联网、金融、政企、汽车等大量应用场景下完成落地。

本月，我们正式宣布 Midscene v1.0 发布！本文将为你介绍：

• 案例回顾：Midscene 在 PC、Android、iOS 等场景的任务能力；
• 社区案例：社区开发者基于 Midscene 与任意界面集成的特性，扩展了机械臂 + 视觉模型 + 语音模型等模块，完成车机测试；
• 1.0 版本的模型路线：拥抱纯视觉；
• 1.0 版本的特性优化：报告优化、MCP 架构、跨端增强、API 变更等。

案例回顾

社区案例：视觉模型 + 机械臂

演示视频请在公众号查看：mp.weixin.qq.com/s/24rFtAfih…

有社区开发者成功基于 Midscene 与任意界面集成的特性，扩展了机械臂 + 视觉模型 + 语音模型等模块，运用于车机大屏测试场景中。

移动端案例：外卖下单

打开美团，帮我下单一杯 manner 超大杯冰美式咖啡，要加浓少冰喔，到结算页面让我确认。

演示视频请在公众号查看：mp.weixin.qq.com/s/24rFtAfih…

在我们的 Midscene 官网上，还有更多实战案例：

1. iOS 自动化 - Twitter 自动点赞 @midscene_ai 首条推文；
2. Android 自动化 - 懂车帝查看小米 SU7 参数；
3. Android 自动化 - Booking 预订圣诞酒店；
4. MCP 集成 - Midscene MCP 操作界面发布 prepatch 版本。

1.0 版本的模型路线

从 V1.0 开始，Midscene 全面转向视觉理解方案，提供更稳定可靠的 UI 自动化能力。

视觉模型有以下特点：

• 效果稳定 ：业界领先的视觉模型（如 Doubao Seed 1.6、Qwen3-VL 等）表现足够稳定，已经可以满足大多数业务需求；

• UI 操作规划 ：视觉模型通常具备较强的 UI 操作规划能力，能够完成不少复杂的任务流程；

• 适用于任意系统 ：自动化框架不再依赖 UI 渲染的技术栈，无论是 Android、iOS、桌面应用，还是浏览器中的 <canvas>，只要能获取截图，Midscene 即可完成交互操作；

• 易于编写 ：抛弃各类 selector 和 DOM 之后，开发者与模型的“磨合”会变得更简单，不熟悉渲染技术的新人也能很快上手；

• token 量显著下降 ：在去除 DOM 提取之后，视觉方案的 token 使用量可以减少 80%，成本更低，且本地运行速度也变得更快

• 有开源模型解决方案 ：开源模型表现渐佳，开发者开始有机会进行私有化部署模型，如 Qwen3-VL 提供的 8B、30B 等版本在不少项目中都有着不错的效果。

详情请阅读我们更新版的模型策略[1]。

🚀 多模型组合，为复杂任务带来更好效果

除了默认的交互场景，Midscene 还定义了 Planning（规划）和 Insight（洞察）两种意图，开发者可以按需为它们启用独立的模型。例如，用 GPT 模型做规划，同时使用默认的 Doubao 模型做元素定位。

多模型组合让开发者可以按需提升复杂需求的处理能力。

🚀 运行时架构优化

针对 Midscene 的运行时表现，我们进行了以下优化：

• 减少对设备信息接口的调用，在确保安全的情况下复用部分上下文信息，提升运行时性能，让大多数的时间消耗集中在模型端；
• 优化 Web 及移动端环境下的 Action Space 组合，向模型开放更合理、更清晰的工具集。

🚀 回放报告优化

回放报告是 Midscene 开发者非常依赖的一个特性，它能有效提升脚本的调试效率。

在 v1.0 中，我们更新了回放报告：

• 参数视图：标记出交互参数的位置信息，合并截图信息，快速识别模型的规划结果；
• 样式调整：支持以深色模式展示报告，更美观；
• Token 消耗的展示：支持按模型汇总 Token 消耗量，分析不同场景的成本情况。

🚀 MCP 架构重构

我们重新定义了 Midscene MCP 服务的定位。Midscene MCP 的职责是围绕着视觉驱动的 UI 操作展开，将 iOS / Android / Web 设备 Action Space 中的每个 Action 操作暴露为 MCP 工具，也就是提供各类“原子操作”。

通过这种形式，开发者可以更专注于构建自己的高阶 Agent，而无需关心底层 UI 操作的实现细节，并且时刻获得满意的成功率。

详情请阅读 MCP 文档[2]。

🚀 移动端能力增强

iOS 改进

• 新增 WebDriverAgent 5.x-7.x 全版本兼容；

• 新增 WebDriver Clear API 支持，解决动态输入框问题；

• 提升设备兼容性。

Android 改进

• 新增截图轮询回退机制，提升远程设备稳定性；

• 新增屏幕方向自动适配（displayId 截图）；

• 新增 YAML 脚本 runAdbShell 支持。

跨平台

• 在 Agent 实例上暴露系统操作接口，包括 Home、Back、RecentApp 等。

🚧 API 变更

方法重命名（向后兼容）：

• 改名 aiAction() → aiAct()（旧方法保留，有弃用警告）；

• 改名 logScreenshot() → recordToReport()（旧方法保留，有弃用警告）。

环境变量重命名（向后兼容）：

• 改名 OPENAI_API_KEY → MODEL_API_KEY（新变量优先，旧变量作为备选）；
• 改名 OPENAI_BASE_URL → MODEL_BASE_URL（新变量优先，旧变量作为备选）。

⬆️ 升级到最新版

升级项目中的依赖，例如：

• npm install @midscene/web@latest --save-dev；

• npm install @midscene/android@latest --save-dev；

• npm install @midscene/ios@latest --save-dev。

如果使用全局安装的命令行版本：npm i -g @midscene/cli。

了解更多

• Midscene.js midscenejs.com

• Github github.com/web-infra-d…

• 1.0 版本 Changelog midscenejs.com/zh/changelo…

参考资料

[1] 模型策略: https://midscenejs.com/zh/model-strategy

[2] MCP 文档: https://midscenejs.com/zh/mcp

在 React 开发中，组件通信是日常中最常见的任务之一。父子组件间通过 props 传递数据简单高效，但当数据需要传递到多层嵌套的子组件时，“Props Drilling”（属性穿透）问题就会显现：中间层组件明明不需要这些数据，却不得不被动接收并向下传递。这不仅让代码冗余，还降低了可维护性。

React 官方提供的 Context API 正是为此而生。它允许我们在组件树的最外层“提供”数据，任何深层组件都可以直接“消费”它，而无需层层传递。本文将通过一个用户信息的实际例子，对比两种方式，帮助你理解何时、何地该使用 useContext 解决跨层级通信问题。

Props Drilling：传统方式的痛点

假设我们有一个应用，需要在最顶层 App 组件持有用户信息（如登录后的用户数据），然后在深层嵌套的 UserInfo 组件中显示用户名。

传统方式是层层通过 props 传递：

jsx

// App.jsx
export default function App() {
  const user = { name: "Andrew" };

  return (
    <Page user={user} />
  );
}

// views/Page.jsx
function Page({ user }) {
  return <Header user={user} />;
}

// components/Header.jsx
function Header({ user }) {
  return <UserInfo user={user} />;
}

// components/UserInfo.jsx
function UserInfo({ user }) {
  return <div>{user.name}</div>;
}

这种方式在层级较浅时没问题，但想象一下如果组件树更深（比如 Page → Layout → Sidebar → Header → UserInfo），就需要在每一层都添加 user prop：

jsx

<Page user={user} />
<Layout user={user} />
<Sidebar user={user} />
<Header user={user} />
<UserInfo user={user} />

中间的 Layout、Sidebar 等组件根本不需要 user 数据，却被迫成为“快递员”。这就是典型的 Props Drilling：

• 代码冗余，维护成本高（修改一次要改多处）。
• 中间组件耦合度增加，重构困难。
• 阅读性差，难以快速定位数据来源。

Context API：优雅解决跨层级通信

Context API 的核心思想是：数据在最外层提供，任何子组件主动消费。这样，数据持有和改变的逻辑依然在外层组件，但消费方可以直接获取，无需中间传递。

步骤一：创建 Context

通常在独立文件中创建（推荐实践，便于复用和维护），但简单示例可放在 App 中。

jsx

// App.jsx
import { createContext } from 'react';
import Page from './views/Page';

// 创建 Context，defaultValue 为 null（生产中可设为默认值）
export const UserContext = createContext(null);

export default function App() {
  const user = { name: "Andrew" };

  return (
    <UserContext.Provider value={user}>
      <Page />
    </UserContext.Provider>
  );
}

• createContext 创建一个上下文对象。
• Provider 组件包裹需要共享数据的组件树。
• value 属性就是共享的数据（可以是对象、函数、状态等）。

步骤二：消费 Context

在任何子组件中使用 useContext Hook 直接读取：

jsx

// components/UserInfo.jsx
import { useContext } from 'react';
import { UserContext } from '../App';  // 根据实际路径调整

export default function UserInfo() {
  const user = useContext(UserContext);

  return <div>{user.name}</div>;
}

中间组件无需任何修改：

jsx

// views/Page.jsx
import Header from '../components/Header';

export default function Page() {
  return <Header />;
}

// components/Header.jsx
import UserInfo from './UserInfo';

export default function Header() {
  return <UserInfo />;
}

效果完全相同，但代码干净多了！UserInfo 组件主动“找”数据，而不是被动接收。

完整目录结构示例

text

src/
├── App.jsx
├── views/
│   └── Page.jsx
└── components/
    ├── Header.jsx
    └── UserInfo.jsx

为什么 useContext 更优？

1. 避免 Props Drilling：中间层组件无需关心数据传递。
2. 数据来源清晰：消费组件直接导入 Context，一目了然。
3. 灵活性高：Provider 可以包裹任意子树，支持局部共享。
4. 性能友好（注意事项见下文）：React 会优化只重渲染实际消费的组件。

进阶：动态更新 Context 数据

单纯的对象共享已足够强大，但真实场景中用户数据往往需要更新（如登录/退出）。

推荐将状态和更新函数一起提供：

jsx

// App.jsx
import { useState, createContext } from 'react';

export const UserContext = createContext(null);

export default function App() {
  const [user, setUser] = useState({ name: "Andrew" });

  return (
    <UserContext.Provider value={{ user, setUser }}>
      <Page />
    </UserContext.Provider>
  );
}

消费方：

jsx

// UserInfo.jsx
const { user, setUser } = useContext(UserContext);

// 示例：退出登录
<button onClick={() => setUser(null)}>退出</button>
{user ? <div>{user.name}</div> : <div>未登录</div>}

这样，任何组件都能读取并修改全局用户状态。

最佳实践与注意事项

1. 单独文件管理 Context：大型项目中，将 createContext、Provider 封装成独立文件（如 UserContext.jsx），便于团队协作。

2. 避免频繁更新大对象：Context 使用引用相等性判断重渲染。如果每次 Provider value 都是新对象（如 {...}），会导致所有消费者重渲染。解决办法：

   • 使用 useMemo 稳定 value：

     jsx

     const value = useMemo(() => ({ user, setUser }), [user]);
     <Provider value={value}>
     

   • 或拆分多个 Context（主题、用户、配置分开）。

3. 不要滥用：Context 适合“全局性”低频变化数据（如用户、主题、语言）。高频变化或复杂状态推荐 Zustand、Jotai 或 Redux。

4. 结合 React.memo 优化：如果消费者不依赖 Context，可用 React.memo 防止不必要重渲染。

5. TypeScript 支持：createContext 时可指定类型，提升类型安全。

实际应用场景举例

• 用户信息：登录状态、头像、权限。
• 主题切换：dark/light mode。
• 国际化：当前语言包。
• 布局配置：侧边栏展开状态。

这些数据往往被多个深层组件使用，使用 Context 能极大简化代码。

结语

Props Drilling 是 React 新手最先接触的方式，但随着项目规模增长，它会成为维护的枷锁。Context API + useContext 提供了原生、轻量级的解决方案，让跨层级通信变得优雅而高效。

记住核心原则：数据在外层提供，消费方主动获取。这不仅解决了 Props Drilling，还为未来扩展（如结合 Reducer 实现小型状态管理）打下基础。

在 2025 年的 React 生态中，Context API 依然是中小型项目全局状态管理的首选。合理使用它，你的组件树将更清晰、可维护性更强。

赶紧在你的项目中试试吧——从一个简单的用户上下文开始，你会爱上这种“跳跃式”数据传递的自由！

滑动窗口详解：原理+分类+场景+模板+例题

📺 推荐视频：滑动窗口算法详解 - 视频解释非常清晰，建议先看视频再阅读本文！

在算法面试中，子串、子数组相关的问题频繁出现，暴力枚举往往因 O(n²) 时间复杂度超时。而滑动窗口算法，凭借其 O(n) 的高效性能，成为解决这类问题的"神兵利器"。本文将从原理本质出发，梳理滑动窗口的分类、适用场景，提炼通用模板，并结合经典例题实战拆解，帮你彻底掌握这一核心算法。

一、滑动窗口核心原理：用单调性压缩遍历维度

滑动窗口的本质，是利用区间的单调性，将原本需要嵌套遍历（O(n²)）的连续区间问题，转化为单轮双指针遍历（O(n)）。其核心逻辑基于对“窗口状态”的精准把控，通过两个指针（left 左边界、right 右边界）的协同移动，跳过无效区间（剪枝），实现高效枚举。

1.1 先搞懂：暴力枚举的痛点

以“无重复字符的最长子串”为例，暴力思路是枚举所有子串的起点 i 和终点 j（i≤j），检查子串 s[i..j] 是否无重复，最终记录最长长度。这种方式需要遍历所有 i、j 组合，时间复杂度 O(n²)，且存在大量无效计算：比如当 s[0..3] 存在重复时，s[0..4]、s[0..5] 等包含该区间的子串必然也重复，无需再检查。

1.2 滑动窗口的核心洞察：区间单调性

滑动窗口能优化的关键，是抓住了「窗口状态的单调性」—— 窗口的状态（如是否含重复、和/积是否满足条件）会随窗口的扩展/缩小呈现单向变化，具体可总结为两条核心规律：

• 规律1（坏状态的包含性）：若窗口 [left, right] 处于“坏状态”（如含重复字符、和≥target、积≥K），则所有包含该窗口的更大窗口 [left, right+1]、[left, right+2]... 必然也是“坏状态”。此时无需继续扩展 right，应移动 left 缩小窗口，跳过无效区间。

• 规律2（好状态的被包含性）：若窗口 [left, right] 处于“好状态”（如无重复、和<target、积<K），则所有被该窗口包含的更小窗口 [left+1, right]、[left+2, right]... 必然也是“好状态”。此时无需缩小窗口，应继续扩展 right 寻找更优解。

1.3 一句话总结原理

滑动窗口通过 right 指针“扩窗口”探索新的区间，通过 left 指针“缩窗口”剔除无效区间，每个元素最多被加入窗口（right 移动）和移出窗口（left 移动）各一次，最终以 O(n) 时间完成所有有效区间的枚举。

二、滑动窗口的分类：按目标场景划分

滑动窗口的核心逻辑一致，但根据问题目标（求最长、求最短、求计数）的不同，缩窗口的条件和更新答案的时机会有差异。按目标可分为三大类，覆盖绝大多数经典场景：

分类	核心目标	缩窗口条件	更新答案时机	典型问题
类型1：求最长/最大区间	找到满足“好状态”的最长连续区间	窗口进入“坏状态”时，缩 left 至回到“好状态”	缩窗口完成后，每次扩展 right 后更新	无重复字符的最长子串、最长重复子数组
类型2：求最短/最小区间	找到满足“好状态”的最短连续区间	窗口进入“好状态”时，缩 left 至回到“坏状态”（尽可能缩小窗口）	缩窗口过程中，每次缩小 left 后更新	长度最小的子数组、最小覆盖子串
类型3：求计数/统计区间	统计所有满足“好状态”的连续区间个数	窗口进入“坏状态”时，缩 left 至回到“好状态”	缩窗口完成后，累加当前 right 对应的有效区间数（right-left+1）	乘积小于 K 的子数组、找到字符串中所有字母异位词

三、适用场景：3个核心判断标准

并非所有子串/子数组问题都能用滑动窗口，需满足以下 3 个核心条件，缺一不可：

1. 问题对象是连续区间：滑动窗口仅适用于“连续子串”或“连续子数组”问题，非连续区间（如子序列）不适用。

2. 窗口状态具有单调性：需满足前文提到的两条规律之一，即扩展/缩小窗口时，状态变化是单向的。反例：“找和为 target 的子数组（含负数值）”，窗口 [left, right] 和为 target 时，扩展 right 可能因负数导致和变小，打破单调性，无法用滑动窗口。

3. 状态可快速更新：加入 right 元素或移出 left 元素时，窗口的状态（如和、积、字符频率）能在 O(1) 时间内更新，无需重新计算整个窗口状态。

四、通用模板：3类场景统一框架

基于上述分类，提炼出通用模板，只需根据目标调整「缩窗口条件」和「更新答案时机」即可。模板核心步骤：初始化变量 → 扩窗口 → 缩窗口 → 更新答案。

4.0 快速参考表

类型	初始 ans	缩窗口条件	更新答案时机	关键代码
类型1：求最长	0	进入坏状态	缩窗口后，每次扩展 right 后	ans = Math.max(ans, right - left + 1)
类型2：求最短	Infinity	进入好状态	缩窗口过程中	ans = Math.min(ans, right - left + 1)
类型3：求计数	0	进入坏状态	缩窗口后	ans += right - left + 1

4.1 通用模板（TypeScript/JavaScript）

function slidingWindowTemplate<T>(data: T[], targetParam: any): number {
  // 1. 初始化变量
  let left = 0; // 左窗口边界
  let ans = 初始值; // 答案变量（最长→0，最短→Infinity，计数→0）
  let status = 初始状态; // 如对象（字符频率）、sum=0、prod=1

  // 2. 扩窗口：right 遍历所有元素
  for (let right = 0; right < data.length; right++) {
    const rightVal = data[right];
    // 加入右元素，更新状态
    // status.update(rightVal); // 根据具体类型更新

    // 3. 缩窗口：根据目标和当前状态判断是否缩左
    while (缩窗口条件) {
      // 核心差异点：不同类型场景条件不同
      const leftVal = data[left];
      // 移出左元素，更新状态
      // status.remove(leftVal); // 根据具体类型更新
      left++; // 缩小窗口
    }

    // 4. 更新答案：根据类型调整时机
    // 答案更新逻辑
    // 核心差异点：不同类型场景时机不同
  }

  // 5. 处理边界情况（如无满足条件的窗口）
  return 处理后的 ans;
}

4.2 分类型模板细化

类型1：求最长/最大区间

function maxLengthTemplate<T>(data: T[], param: any): number {
  let left = 0;
  let ans = 0; // 最长初始为0
  const status: Record<string, number> = {}; // 对象：记录字符频率

  for (let right = 0; right < data.length; right++) {
    const rightVal = data[right];
    // 更新状态
    status[rightVal as string] = status[rightVal as string] ? status[rightVal as string] + 1 : 1;

    // 缩窗口条件：进入坏状态
    while (坏状态判断) {
      // 如 status[rightVal] > 1（重复字符）
      const leftVal = data[left];
      status[leftVal as string]--;
      left++;
    }

    // 更新答案：缩窗口后，当前窗口是有效最长窗口
    ans = Math.max(ans, right - left + 1);
  }

  return ans;
}

类型2：求最短/最小区间

function minLengthTemplate(data: number[], param: any): number {
  let left = 0;
  let ans = Infinity; // 最短初始为无穷大
  let status = 0; // 如 sumWindow = 0

  for (let right = 0; right < data.length; right++) {
    const rightVal = data[right];
    status += rightVal; // 更新状态

    // 缩窗口条件：进入好状态（尽可能缩小窗口）
    while (好状态判断) {
      // 如 status >= target（和≥目标）
      // 缩窗口时更新答案
      ans = Math.min(ans, right - left + 1);
      const leftVal = data[left];
      status -= leftVal;
      left++;
    }
  }

  // 处理边界：无满足条件的窗口返回0
  return ans !== Infinity ? ans : 0;
}

类型3：求计数/统计区间

function countTemplate(data: number[], param: any): number {
  let left = 0;
  let ans = 0; // 计数初始为0
  let status = 1; // 如 prod = 1

  for (let right = 0; right < data.length; right++) {
    const rightVal = data[right];
    status *= rightVal; // 更新状态

    // 缩窗口条件：进入坏状态
    while (坏状态判断) {
      // 如 status >= K（乘积≥K）
      const leftVal = data[left];
      status /= leftVal;
      left++;
    }

    // 更新答案：当前right对应的有效区间数 = right-left+1
    ans += right - left + 1;
  }

  return ans;
}

五、经典例题实战：逐行拆解

结合模板，拆解 3 类场景的经典例题，帮你理解如何将模板落地到具体问题。

例题1：无重复字符的最长子串（类型1：求最长）

题目描述

给定一个字符串 s，请你找出其中不含有重复字符的最长子串的长度。

解题思路

• 窗口状态（坏）：窗口内存在重复字符；
• 状态统计：用对象记录窗口内字符的出现次数；
• 缩窗口条件：当前加入的字符出现次数>1（进入坏状态）；
• 更新答案：缩窗口完成后，计算当前窗口长度，更新最大值。

代码实现

function lengthOfLongestSubstring(s: string): number {
  let left = 0;
  let ans = 0; // 最长子串长度初始为0
  const window: Record<string, number> = {}; // 对象：记录窗口内字符出现次数

  for (let right = 0; right < s.length; right++) {
    const rightChar = s[right];
    // 加入右字符，更新状态
    window[rightChar] = window[rightChar] ? window[rightChar] + 1 : 1;

    // 缩窗口：当当前字符出现次数>1（坏状态），缩左直到无重复
    while (window[rightChar] > 1) {
      const leftChar = s[left];
      window[leftChar]--; // 移出左字符，更新状态
      left++;
    }

    // 更新答案：当前窗口是无重复的有效窗口，计算长度
    ans = Math.max(ans, right - left + 1);
  }

  return ans;
}

复杂度分析

时间复杂度 O(n)：每个字符被 right 加入、left 移出各一次；空间复杂度 O(min(m, n)))：m 是字符集大小，窗口内字符数不超过 min(m, n)。

例题2：长度最小的子数组（类型2：求最短）

题目描述

给定一个含有 n 个正整数的数组和一个正整数 target，找出该数组中满足其和 ≥ target 的长度最小的 连续子数组，并返回其长度。如果不存在符合条件的子数组，返回 0。

解题思路

• 窗口状态（好）：窗口和≥target；
• 状态统计：用 sumWindow 记录窗口内元素和；
• 缩窗口条件：sumWindow≥target（进入好状态），缩左以寻找更短窗口；
• 更新答案：缩窗口过程中，每次缩小后计算窗口长度，更新最小值。

代码实现

function minSubArrayLen(target: number, nums: number[]): number {
  let left = 0;
  let ans = Infinity; // 最短长度初始为无穷大
  let sumWindow = 0; // 窗口内元素和

  for (let right = 0; right < nums.length; right++) {
    sumWindow += nums[right]; // 加入右元素，更新和

    // 缩窗口：和≥target时，尽可能缩小窗口
    while (sumWindow >= target) {
      // 缩窗口时更新答案：当前窗口是有效最短窗口候选
      ans = Math.min(ans, right - left + 1);
      sumWindow -= nums[left]; // 移出左元素，更新和
      left++;
    }
  }

  // 处理边界：无满足条件的窗口返回0
  return ans !== Infinity ? ans : 0;
}

复杂度分析

时间复杂度 O(n)：每个元素最多被遍历两次；空间复杂度 O(1)：仅用常数级变量。

例题3：乘积小于 K 的子数组（类型3：求计数）

题目描述

给你一个整数数组 nums 和一个整数 k，统计并返回该数组中乘积小于 k 的连续子数组的个数。

解题思路

• 窗口状态（坏）：窗口乘积≥k；
• 状态统计：用 prod 记录窗口内元素乘积；
• 缩窗口条件：prod≥k（进入坏状态），缩左直到乘积<k；
• 更新答案：缩窗口完成后，当前 right 对应的有效子数组数为 right-left+1（即 [left,right]、[left+1,right]...[right,right]）。

代码实现

function numSubarrayProductLessThanK(nums: number[], k: number): number {
  // 边界条件：k≤1时，所有正整数乘积≥1，无满足条件的子数组
  if (k <= 1) {
    return 0;
  }
  let left = 0;
  let ans = 0; // 计数初始为0
  let prod = 1; // 窗口内元素乘积

  for (let right = 0; right < nums.length; right++) {
    prod *= nums[right]; // 加入右元素，更新乘积

    // 缩窗口：乘积≥k时，缩左直到乘积<k
    while (prod >= k) {
      prod /= nums[left]; // 移出左元素，更新乘积
      left++;
    }

    // 累加当前right对应的有效子数组数
    // 当窗口 [left, right] 的乘积 < k 时，以 right 结尾的所有子数组都满足条件
    // 即 [left,right]、[left+1,right]...[right,right] 共 right-left+1 个
    ans += right - left + 1;
  }

  return ans;
}

复杂度分析

时间复杂度 O(n)：每个元素最多被遍历两次；空间复杂度 O(1)：仅用常数级变量。

六、新手避坑指南

1. 窗口边界统一：建议全程使用「左闭右闭」或「左闭右开」边界定义，不要混用。本文所有例题均采用「左闭右闭」，窗口长度为 right-left+1。

2. 状态更新顺序：缩窗口时，需先更新状态（如减 sum、除 prod），再移动 left 指针，避免漏算或多算。

3. 边界条件处理：

   • 求最短时，初始 ans 设为无穷大，最后需判断是否更新过（未更新则返回 0）；

   • 乘积问题需注意 k≤1 的情况（正整数乘积最小为 1，直接返回 0）；

   • 空字符串/空数组需提前返回 0。

4. 单调性验证：遇到子串/子数组问题时，先手动模拟 2-3 个案例，确认状态是否满足单调性，再决定是否用滑动窗口。

七、总结

滑动窗口的核心是「用单调性压缩遍历维度」，剪枝只是优化手段。掌握它的关键在于：

1. 判断问题是否满足「连续区间+状态单调性+状态可快速更新」；

2. 根据目标（最长/最短/计数）确定「缩窗口条件」和「更新答案时机」；

3. 套用通用模板，灵活调整状态统计工具（哈希表/和/积）。

只要抓住这三点，无论是简单的“无重复子串”，还是复杂的“最小覆盖子串”，都能按此逻辑拆解。建议多做几道经典例题，固化模板思维，面试时就能快速反应。

练习题推荐

按难度和类型分类，建议按顺序练习：

基础题（必做）

• 3. 无重复字符的最长子串 - 类型1：求最长
• 209. 长度最小的子数组 - 类型2：求最短
• 713. 乘积小于 K 的子数组 - 类型3：求计数

进阶题（推荐）

• 438. 找到字符串中所有字母异位词 - 类型3：固定窗口
• 76. 最小覆盖子串 - 类型2：复杂场景
• 567. 字符串的排列 - 类型3：固定窗口变种

扩展题（挑战）

• 239. 滑动窗口最大值 - 需要结合单调队列
• 424. 替换后的最长重复字符 - 类型1：变种

自定义一些常见的hook，方便在工作中使用，以下内容都是本人工作中的使用经验，不足之处，欢迎指正

useBooleans

import { useState } from 'react'

/**
 * @description 切换true/false的公共hook
 * @param {Boolean} initValue 默认值
 */

export interface UseBooleansActions {
  toggle: () => void // 切换值
  set: (value: boolean) => void // 设置值
  setTrue: () => void // 设置为true
  setFalse: () => void // 设置值为false
  reset: () => void // 重置为初始值
}

function useBooleans(initValue = false): [boolean, UseBooleansActions] {
  const [value, setValue] = useState<boolean>(initValue)

  /** 切换值 */
  const toggle = () => {
    setValue((pre) => !pre)
  }

  /** 设置值 */
  const set = (value: boolean) => {
    setValue(value)
  }

  /** 设置为true */
  const setTrue = () => {
    setValue(true)
  }

  /** 设置为false */
  const setFalse = () => {
    setValue(false)
  }

  /** 重置为初始值 */
  const reset = () => {
    setValue(initValue)
  }

  return [value, { toggle, set, setTrue, setFalse, reset }]
}

export default useBooleans

// 使用
const [booleanValue, { toggle, setTrue, setFalse, reset, set }] = useBooleans(true)

useToggle

import { useMemo, useState } from 'react'

// 定义操作方法的接口
interface Actions<T, U> {
  toggle: () => void
  set: (value: T | U) => void
  setLeft: () => void // 设置为默认值
  setRight: () => void // 设置为取反值
}

function useToggle<T = boolean>(
  defaultValue?: T,
  reverseValue?: T,
): [T, Actions<T, T>]

function useToggle<T, U>(
  defaultValue: T,
  reverseValue: U,
): [T | U, Actions<T | U, T | U>]

function useToggle<D, R>(
  defaultValue: D = false as unknown as D,
  reverseValue?: R,
) {
  // 状态管理：支持默认值和取反值
  const [state, setState] = useState<D | R>(defaultValue)

  // 计算实际的取反值（若未提供则使用布尔取反）
  const reverseValueOrigin =
    reverseValue === undefined ? !defaultValue : reverseValue

  // 缓存操作方法避免重复创建
  const actions = useMemo(() => {
    // 核心切换逻辑：在默认值和取反值之间切换
    const toggle = () =>
      setState(
        (s) =>
          (s === defaultValue ? reverseValueOrigin : defaultValue) as D | R,
      )
    const set = (value: D | R) => setState(value)
    const setLeft = () => setState(defaultValue)
    const setRight = () => setState(reverseValueOrigin as D | R)

    return { toggle, set, setLeft, setRight }
  }, [defaultValue, reverseValueOrigin])

  return [state, actions]
}

export default useToggle

// 使用
const [toggleValue, { toggle: toggle1, set: set1, setLeft, setRight }] =
    useToggle<'left', 'right'>('left', 'right')

useExcel

基于xlsx的一些常见的导入导出功能封装

import { getTypeOf, isAvailableArr } from '@/utils'
import { message } from 'antd'
import type {
  BookType,
  ColInfo,
  Range,
  RowInfo,
  Sheet2JSONOpts,
  WorkBook,
} from 'xlsx'
import * as XLSX from 'xlsx'

// 导出文件配置
export type IExportConfig = {
  name?: string // 导出文件名称
  bookType?: BookType // 导出文件类型
  sheetName?: string // sheet名称
  errorMsg?: string // 错误提示
  headers?: Record<string, string> // 自定义表头，导出的文件里面只有在定义中的字段，并且如果数据为空的话，只生成一个表头。示例：{id: 'ID', name: '链接名称', site_type: '官网类型'}
  merges?: Range[] // 单元格合并
  colInfo?: ColInfo[] // 列属性
  rowInfo?: RowInfo[] // 行属性
}

// 多sheet导出
export type IExtraSheetConfig = {
  name?: string // 导出文件名称
  bookType?: BookType // 导出文件类型
  sheets: ({ json: any[] } & Omit<IExportConfig, 'name' | 'bookType'>)[]
}

/**
 * @desc 自定义导出文件hook
 */
const useExcel = () => {
  /**
   * @desc 一维数组导出Excel文件
   *
   * 此函数将一个一维数组转换为Excel文件并下载
   * 支持自定义表头、单元格合并、列属性和行属性
   *
   * @param {any[]} json - 要导出的数据数组
   * @param {IExportConfig} config - 导出配置项
   * @param {string} [config.name='导出'] - 导出文件名称
   * @param {BookType} [config.bookType='xlsx'] - 导出文件类型
   * @param {string} [config.sheetName='Sheet1'] - 工作表名称
   * @param {Record<string, string>} [config.headers] - 自定义表头映射
   * @param {Range[]} [config.merges] - 单元格合并范围
   * @param {ColInfo[]} [config.colInfo] - 列属性配置
   * @param {RowInfo[]} [config.rowInfo] - 行属性配置
   * @returns {void}
   */
  function exportJson2Excel<T = any>(json: T[], config?: IExportConfig) {
    const {
      name = '导出',
      sheetName = 'Sheet1',
      bookType = 'xlsx',
      headers,
      merges,
      colInfo,
      rowInfo,
    } = config || {}
    let lists = [...json]
    if (
      headers &&
      getTypeOf(headers) === 'Object' &&
      isAvailableArr(Object.keys(headers))
    ) {
      // 没有数据的时候用header去生成一个空表头
      if (!isAvailableArr(lists)) {
        const headersField = Object.values(headers)
        const headerObj: Record<string, any> = {}
        headersField.forEach((f) => {
          headerObj[f] = null
        })
        lists = [headerObj as T]
      } else {
        // 有数据的时候根据header去生成
        const headerFields = Object.entries(headers)
        lists = json.map((j) => {
          const obj: Record<string, any> = {}
          for (const [key, value] of headerFields) {
            obj[value] = j[key as keyof T] ?? null
          }
          return obj
        }) as T[]
      }
    }

    const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new()
    const ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(lists)
    if (merges) {
      ws['!merges'] = merges
    }
    if (colInfo) {
      ws['!cols'] = colInfo
    }
    if (rowInfo) {
      ws['!rows'] = rowInfo
    }
    XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, sheetName)
    XLSX.writeFile(wb, `${name}.${bookType}`, { bookType })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 一维数组多sheet导出Excel文件
   *
   * 此函数将多个一维数组分别放在不同的工作表中导出为一个Excel文件
   * 支持自定义表头、单元格合并、列属性和行属性
   *
   * @param {IExtraSheetConfig} params - 多sheet导出配置项
   * @param {string} [params.name='导出'] - 导出文件名称
   * @param {BookType} [params.bookType='xlsx'] - 导出文件类型
   * @param {Array} params.sheets - 工作表配置数组
   * @param {any[]} params.sheets[].json - 要导出的数据数组
   * @param {string} [params.sheets[].sheetName] - 工作表名称
   * @param {Record<string, string>} [params.sheets[].headers] - 自定义表头映射
   * @param {Range[]} [params.sheets[].merges] - 单元格合并范围
   * @param {ColInfo[]} [params.sheets[].colInfo] - 列属性配置
   * @param {RowInfo[]} [params.sheets[].rowInfo] - 行属性配置
   * @returns {void}
   */
  function exportJson2ExcelSheets<T = any>(params: IExtraSheetConfig) {
    const { name = '导出', bookType = 'xlsx', sheets } = params || {}
    const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new()
    if (isAvailableArr(sheets)) {
      sheets?.forEach((s) => {
        const { json, headers, merges, colInfo, rowInfo, sheetName } = s || {}
        let lists = [...json]
        if (
          headers &&
          getTypeOf(headers) === 'Object' &&
          isAvailableArr(Object.keys(headers))
        ) {
          // 没有数据的时候用header去生成一个空表头
          if (!isAvailableArr(lists)) {
            const headersField = Object.values(headers)
            const headerObj: Record<string, any> = {}
            headersField.forEach((f) => {
              headerObj[f] = null
            })
            lists = [headerObj as T]
          } else {
            // 有数据的时候根据header去生成
            const headerFields = Object.entries(headers)
            lists = json.map((j) => {
              const obj: Record<string, any> = {}
              for (const [key, value] of headerFields) {
                obj[value] = j[key] ?? null
              }
              return obj
            }) as T[]
          }
        }

        const ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(lists)
        if (merges) {
          ws['!merges'] = merges
        }
        if (colInfo) {
          ws['!cols'] = colInfo
        }
        if (rowInfo) {
          ws['!rows'] = rowInfo
        }
        XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, sheetName)
      })
    } else {
      const ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([])
      XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws)
    }

    XLSX.writeFile(wb, `${name}.${bookType}`, { bookType })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 二维数组导出Excel文件
   *
   * 此函数将一个二维数组转换为Excel文件并下载
   * 支持单元格合并、列属性和行属性
   *
   * @param {any[][]} aoas - 要导出的二维数组
   * @param {IExportConfig} config - 导出配置项
   * @param {string} [config.name='导出'] - 导出文件名称
   * @param {BookType} [config.bookType='xlsx'] - 导出文件类型
   * @param {string} [config.sheetName='Sheet1'] - 工作表名称
   * @param {Range[]} [config.merges] - 单元格合并范围
   * @param {ColInfo[]} [config.colInfo] - 列属性配置
   * @param {RowInfo[]} [config.rowInfo] - 行属性配置
   * @returns {void}
   */
  function exportAoa2Excel<T = any>(aoas: T[][], config?: IExportConfig) {
    const {
      name = '导出',
      sheetName = 'Sheet1',
      bookType = 'xlsx',
      merges,
      colInfo,
      rowInfo,
    } = config || {}

    const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new()
    const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(aoas)
    if (merges) {
      ws['!merges'] = merges
    }
    if (colInfo) {
      ws['!cols'] = colInfo
    }
    if (rowInfo) {
      ws['!rows'] = rowInfo
    }

    XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, sheetName)
    XLSX.writeFile(wb, `${name}.${bookType}`, { bookType })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从本地文件读取Excel工作簿
   *
   * 此函数从File或Blob对象读取Excel文件并返回工作簿对象
   *
   * @param {File | Blob} file - 要读取的Excel文件
   * @returns {Promise<WorkBook | false>} 返回工作簿对象或false（读取失败时）
   */
  function readWorkbookFromLocalFile(
    file: File | Blob,
  ): Promise<WorkBook | false> {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      const reader = new FileReader()
      reader.readAsBinaryString(file)
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        const data = (e.target as any)?.result
        const workbook = XLSX.read(data, {
          type: 'binary',
          raw: true,
          cellNF: true,
        })
        resolve(workbook)
      }
      reader.onerror = function () {
        resolve(false)
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从本地Excel文件读取数据为JSON格式
   *
   * 此函数从File或Blob对象读取Excel文件并返回第一个工作表的数据为JSON数组
   *
   * @param {File | Blob} file - 要读取的Excel文件
   * @param {Sheet2JSONOpts} [options] - 工作表转JSON的选项
   * @returns {Promise<any[] | false>} 返回JSON数组或false（读取失败时）
   */
  function readFileToJson<T = any>(
    file: File | Blob,
    options?: Sheet2JSONOpts,
  ): Promise<T[] | false> {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      const reader = new FileReader()
      reader.readAsBinaryString(file)
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        const data = (e.target as any)?.result
        const workbook = XLSX.read(data, {
          type: 'binary',
          raw: true,
          cellNF: true,
        })
        const json = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json<T>(
          workbook.Sheets[workbook.SheetNames[0]],
          options,
        )
        resolve(json)
      }
      reader.onerror = function () {
        resolve(false)
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从本地Excel文件读取多个工作表的数据为JSON格式
   *
   * 此函数从File或Blob对象读取Excel文件并返回所有工作表的数据为JSON对象
   *
   * @param {File | Blob} file - 要读取的Excel文件
   * @param {Sheet2JSONOpts} [options] - 工作表转JSON的选项
   * @returns {Promise<Record<string, any[]> | false>} 返回包含所有工作表数据的对象或false（读取失败时）
   */
  function readFileToJsons(
    file: File | Blob,
    options?: Sheet2JSONOpts,
  ): Promise<Record<string, any[]> | false> {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      const reader = new FileReader()
      reader.readAsBinaryString(file)
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        const data = e.target?.result
        const workbook = XLSX.read(data, {
          type: 'binary',
          raw: true,
          cellNF: true,
        })

        const sheetNames = workbook.SheetNames
        if (!sheetNames?.length) {
          resolve(false)
        }

        const jsons = sheetNames.reduce(
          (pre: Record<string, any[]>, cur: string) => {
            const json = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(workbook.Sheets[cur], options)
            pre[cur] = json
            return pre
          },
          {},
        )

        resolve(jsons)
      }
      reader.onerror = function () {
        resolve(false)
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 文件流导出Excel文件
   *
   * 此函数从File或Blob对象读取Excel文件流并导出为Excel文件
   *
   * @param {File | Blob} file - 要导出的Excel文件流
   * @param {IExportConfig} config - 导出配置项
   * @param {string} [config.name='导出'] - 导出文件名称
   * @param {BookType} [config.bookType='xlsx'] - 导出文件类型
   * @param {string} [config.errorMsg='下载失败'] - 错误提示信息
   * @returns {Promise<void>}
   */
  async function exportBuffer2Excel(file: File | Blob, config?: IExportConfig) {
    const {
      name = '导出',
      bookType = 'xlsx',
      errorMsg = '下载失败',
    } = config || {}
    const wb: WorkBook | false = await readWorkbookFromLocalFile(file)
    if (wb) {
      XLSX.writeFile(wb, `${name}.${bookType}`, { bookType })
    } else {
      message.error(errorMsg)
    }
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从URL导出Excel文件
   *
   * 此函数从URL获取Excel文件并导出
   *
   * @param {string} url - Excel文件的URL地址
   * @param {IExportConfig} config - 导出配置项
   * @param {string} [config.name='导出'] - 导出文件名称
   * @param {BookType} [config.bookType='xlsx'] - 导出文件类型
   * @param {string} [config.errorMsg='下载失败'] - 错误提示信息
   * @returns {Promise<void>}
   */
  async function exportUrl2Excel(url: string, config?: IExportConfig) {
    fetch(url)
      .then((response) => response.blob())
      .then((blob) => {
        exportBuffer2Excel(new Blob([blob]), config)
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        throw error
      })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从工作表中读取指定列的数据
   *
   * 此函数从Excel文件的指定工作表中读取指定列的数据
   *
   * @param {File | Blob} file - Excel文件
   * @param {number} [sheetIndex=0] - 工作表索引
   * @param {string[]} [columns=['A']] - 要读取的列数组（如['A', 'B']）
   * @param {Record<string, string>} [fieldsMap={}] - 列名到字段名的映射
   * @returns {Promise<any[] | false>} 返回包含指定列数据的数组或false（读取失败时）
   */
  function readColumnFromSheet(
    file: File | Blob,
    sheetIndex: number = 0,
    columns: string[] = ['A'],
    fieldsMap: Record<string, string> = {},
  ): Promise<any[] | false> {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      const reader = new FileReader()
      reader.readAsBinaryString(file)
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        const data = (e.target as any)?.result
        const workbook = XLSX.read(data, {
          type: 'binary',
          raw: true,
          cellNF: true,
        })

        const sheetName = workbook.SheetNames[sheetIndex]
        const worksheet = workbook.Sheets[sheetName]

        // 获取 A 列的所有数据，跳过第一行（标题行）
        const columnData = []
        const range = XLSX.utils.decode_range(worksheet['!ref'] as string)

        // 从第2行开始（索引为1，跳过标题行）
        for (let row = range.s.r + 1; row <= range.e.r; row++) {
          const res: Record<string, any> = {}
          columns.forEach((col: string) => {
            const columnIndex = XLSX.utils.decode_col(col) // 将列字母转换为索引
            const cellAddress = XLSX.utils.encode_cell({
              r: row,
              c: columnIndex,
            }) // A列是第0列
            const cell = worksheet[cellAddress]
            const field = fieldsMap[col] ?? col
            res[field] = cell ? cell.v : ''
          })
          columnData.push(res)
        }

        resolve(columnData)
      }
      reader.onerror = function () {
        resolve(false)
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从工作表中获取指定列的数据
   *
   * 此函数从Excel工作表中获取指定列的所有数据（跳过标题行）
   *
   * @param {XLSX.WorkSheet} worksheet - Excel工作表对象
   * @param {string} column - 要获取数据的列（如'A'、'B'）
   * @returns {any[]} 返回指定列的数据数组
   */
  function getColumnData(worksheet: XLSX.WorkSheet, column: string) {
    const columnData = []
    const range = XLSX.utils.decode_range(worksheet['!ref'] as string)
    const columnIndex = XLSX.utils.decode_col(column) // 将列字母转换为索引

    for (let row = range.s.r + 1; row <= range.e.r; row++) {
      const cellAddress = XLSX.utils.encode_cell({ r: row, c: columnIndex })
      const cell = worksheet[cellAddress]
      columnData.push(cell ? cell.v : null)
    }

    return columnData
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从本地文件读取Excel工作簿
   *
   * 此函数从File或Blob对象读取Excel文件并返回工作簿对象
   *
   * @param {File | Blob} file - 要读取的Excel文件
   * @param {XLSX.ParsingOptions} [options] - 解析选项
   * @returns {Promise<WorkBook | false>} 返回工作簿对象或false（读取失败时）
   */
  function readWorkbookFromFile(
    file: File | Blob,
    options: XLSX.ParsingOptions = {
      type: 'binary',
      raw: true,
      cellNF: true,
    },
  ): Promise<WorkBook | false> {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      const reader = new FileReader()
      reader.readAsBinaryString(file)
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        const data = (e.target as any)?.result
        const workbook = XLSX.read(data, options)
        resolve(workbook)
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从URL读取Excel工作簿
   *
   * 此函数从URL读取Excel文件并返回工作簿对象
   *
   * @param {string} url - Excel文件的URL地址
   * @param {XLSX.ParsingOptions} [options] - 解析选项
   * @returns {WorkBook} 返回工作簿对象
   */
  function readWorkbookFromUrl(
    url: string,
    options: XLSX.ParsingOptions = {
      type: 'string',
      raw: true,
      cellNF: true,
    },
  ): WorkBook {
    const workbook = XLSX.readFile(url, options)
    return workbook
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从URL读取Excel工作簿
   *
   * 此函数从URL读取Excel文件并返回工作簿对象
   *
   * @param {string} url - Excel文件的URL地址
   * @param {XLSX.ParsingOptions} [options] - 解析选项
   * @returns {WorkBook} 返回工作簿对象
   */
  async function readWorkbookFromUrl1(url: string): Promise<WorkBook | false> {
    try {
      const res = await fetch(url)
      const blob = await res.blob()
      const wb = readWorkbookFromFile(new Blob([blob]))
      return Promise.resolve(wb)
    } catch  {
      return Promise.resolve(false)
    }
  }

  /**
   * @desc 保存工作簿为Excel文件
   *
   * 此函数将工作簿对象保存为Excel文件
   *
   * @param {WorkBook} workbook - 要保存的工作簿对象
   * @param {string} fileName - 文件名
   * @param {XLSX.WritingOptions} [options] - 写入选项
   * @returns {void}
   */
  function saveWbToExcel(
    workbook: WorkBook,
    fileName: string,
    options?: XLSX.WritingOptions,
  ) {
    XLSX.writeFile(workbook, fileName, options)
  }

  return {
    exportJson2Excel,
    exportAoa2Excel,
    exportBuffer2Excel,
    exportJson2ExcelSheets,
    exportUrl2Excel,
    readWorkbookFromLocalFile,
    readFileToJson,
    readFileToJsons,
    readColumnFromSheet,
    getColumnData,
    readWorkbookFromFile,
    readWorkbookFromUrl,
    readWorkbookFromUrl1,
    saveWbToExcel,
  }
}

export default useExcel

// 使用
const {
    exportJson2Excel,
    readFileToJson,
    readFileToJsons,
    readColumnFromSheet,
    readWorkbookFromUrl,
    readWorkbookFromUrl1,
    readWorkbookFromFile,
    saveWbToExcel,
  } = useExcel()

useSet

import { useMemo, useState } from 'react'

// 定义操作方法的接口
interface Actions<T> {
  add: (key: T) => void // 新增一条数据
  set: (map: Set<T>) => void // 设置全部数据
  remove: (key: T) => void // 删除某条数据
  clear: () => void // 清空数据
  reset: () => void // 重置为默认值
}

function useSet<T>(defaultValue: Set<T> = new Set()): [Set<T>, Actions<T>] {
  const [sets, setSets] = useState<Set<T>>(defaultValue)

  // 缓存操作方法避免重复创建
  const actions = useMemo(() => {
    // 新增数据
    const add = (value: T) => {
      const newSet = new Set(sets)
      newSet.add(value)
      setSets(newSet)
    }

    // 设置全部数据
    const set = (sets: Set<T>) => {
      setSets(sets)
    }

    // 删除数据
    const remove = (key: T) => {
      const newSet = new Set(sets)
      newSet.delete(key)
      setSets(newSet)
    }

    // 清空数据
    const clear = () => {
      const newSet = new Set<T>()
      setSets(newSet)
    }

    // 重置为默认值
    const reset = () => {
      setSets(defaultValue)
    }

    return { add, set, remove, clear, reset }
  }, [defaultValue, sets])

  return [sets, actions] as const
}

export default useSet

useMap

import { useMemo, useState } from 'react'

// 定义操作方法的接口
interface Actions<T, U> {
  add: (key: T, value: U) => void // 新增一条数据
  get: (key: T) => U | undefined // 获取一条数据
  set: (map: Map<T, U>) => void // 设置全部数据
  remove: (key: T) => void // 删除某条数据
  clear: () => void // 清空数据
  reset: () => void // 重置为默认值
}

function useMap<T, U>(
  defaultValue: Map<T, U> = new Map(),
): [Map<T, U>, Actions<T, U>] {
  const [map, setMap] = useState<Map<T, U>>(defaultValue)

  // 缓存操作方法避免重复创建
  const actions = useMemo(() => {
    // 新增数据
    const add = (key: T, value: U) => {
      const newMap = new Map(map)
      newMap.set(key, value)
      setMap(newMap)
    }

    // 获取数据
    const get = (key: T) => {
      return map.get(key)
    }

    // 设置全部数据
    const set = (map: Map<T, U>) => {
      setMap(map)
    }

    // 删除数据
    const remove = (key: T) => {
      const newMap = new Map(map)
      newMap.delete(key)
      setMap(newMap)
    }

    // 清空数据
    const clear = () => {
      const newMap = new Map(map)
      newMap.clear()
      setMap(newMap)
    }

    // 重置为默认值
    const reset = () => {
      setMap(defaultValue)
    }

    return { add, get, set, remove, clear, reset }
  }, [defaultValue, map])

  return [map, actions] as const
}

export default useMap

usePrevious

import { useRef } from 'react'

type ShouldUpdateFn<T> = (prev: T | undefined, next: T) => boolean
const shouldUpdate = <T>(prev: T | undefined, next: T) => !Object.is(prev, next)
export default function usePrevious<T>(
  state: T,
  shouldUp: ShouldUpdateFn<T> = shouldUpdate,
): T | undefined {
  const curRef = useRef<T>() // 当前值
  const preRef = useRef<T>() // 上一个值

  if (shouldUp(curRef.current, state)) {
    preRef.current = curRef.current
    curRef.current = state
  }

  return preRef.current
}

useLatest

import { RefObject, useRef } from 'react'

// 获取某个state的最新值的hook
export default function useLatest<S>(value: S): RefObject<S> {
  // useRef 保存能保证每次获取到的都是最新的值
  const curRef = useRef<S>(value)
  curRef.current = value

  return curRef
}

useSafeState

import { useUnmount } from 'ahooks'
import { Dispatch, SetStateAction, useRef, useState } from 'react'

// 主要是实现 setRafState 方法，在外部调用 setRafState 方法时，会取消上一次的 setState 回调函数，并执行 requestAnimationFrame 来控制 setState 的执行时机
export default function useSafeState<S>(
  initialState: S | (() => S),
): [S, Dispatch<SetStateAction<S>>] {
  const [state, setState] = useState(initialState)
  const reqId = useRef(0)
  const setSafeState = (state: SetStateAction<S>) => {
    cancelAnimationFrame(reqId.current)

    reqId.current = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
      // 在回调执行真正的 setState
      setState(state)
    })
  }

  useUnmount(() => {
    cancelAnimationFrame(reqId.current)
  })

  return [state, setSafeState] as const
}

useSetState

import { getTypeOf } from '@/utils'
import { SetStateAction, useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react'

// 类似于以前的setState，有一个回调函数，回调函数的参数是最新的值
export default function useSetState<S>(
  initialState: S | (() => S),
): [S, (state: SetStateAction<S>, cb?: (state: S) => void) => void] {
  const [state, set] = useState(initialState)
  const curRef = useRef<S>(state)
  curRef.current = state

  const setState = useCallback(
    (state: SetStateAction<S>, cb?: (state: S) => void) => {
      set((pre) => {
        const newState =
          getTypeOf(state) === 'Function'
            ? (state as (preState: S) => S)(pre)
            : (state as S)
        curRef.current = newState
        return newState
      })
      cb?.(curRef.current)
    },
    [],
  )

  return [state, setState] as const
}

useMergeStates

import { getTypeOf } from '@/utils'
import { Dispatch, SetStateAction, useCallback, useState } from 'react'

// 合并state属性，使用的时候不用整体重新赋值
export default function useMergeStates<S extends Record<string, any>>(
  initialState: S | (() => S),
): [S, Dispatch<SetStateAction<Partial<S>>>] {
  const [state, set] = useState(initialState)

  const setState = useCallback((patch: SetStateAction<Partial<S>>) => {
    set((pre) => {
      const newState =
        getTypeOf(patch) === 'Function'
          ? (patch as (preState: Partial<S>) => S)(pre)
          : (patch as S)

      return newState ? { ...pre, ...newState } : pre
    })
  }, [])

  return [state, setState] as const
}

useGetState

import { Dispatch, SetStateAction, useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react'

// 在useState的基础上增加获取方法
export default function useGetState<S>(
  initialState: S | (() => S),
): [S, Dispatch<SetStateAction<S>>, () => S] {
  const [state, setState] = useState(initialState)
  const curRef = useRef(state)
  curRef.current = state

  const getState = useCallback(() => curRef.current, [])

  return [state, setState, getState] as const
}

useReactive

import { useRef } from 'react'
import useToggle from './useToggle'

// 响应式对象
export default function useReactive<S extends object>(initialState: S): S {
  const [, { toggle }] = useToggle(false)
  const curRef = useRef(initialState)

  const proxy = new Proxy(curRef.current, {
    set(target, key, value) {
      const ret = Reflect.set(target, key, value)
      toggle() // 属性赋值时触发回调
      return ret
    },
    get(target, key) {
      const ret = Reflect.get(target, key)
      return ret
    },
    defineProperty(target, key) {
      const ret = Reflect.deleteProperty(target, key)
      toggle() // 属性删除时触发回调
      return ret
    },
  })

  return proxy
}

useOptions

import { DefaultOptionType } from 'antd/lib/select'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'

// 账号列表项
export type UseOptionsProps<T = DefaultOptionType, R = any> = {
  labelField?: keyof R // 要取的作为label的字段
  labelFormat?: (record: R) => any // label字段自定义格式化函数
  valueField?: keyof R // 要取的作为value的字段
  valueFormat?: (record: R) => any // value字段自定义格式化函数
  resField?: string[] // 要取的返回值字段(比如res、list、resutl等)
  dataFn: (...args: any) => Promise<any> // 要请求的接口
  fnParams?: any // 请求的接口参数
  definedFormat?: (data: R[]) => T[] // 自定义格式化数据函数
}

/**
 * @desc 自定义获取任意接口并格式化为下拉options的hook
 * @param  T 最终返回的数据的类型
 * @param  R 接口返回的数据的类型
 */
function useOptions<T = DefaultOptionType, R = any>(
  props: UseOptionsProps<T, R>,
): [T[], R[], () => void] {
  const {
    labelField,
    valueField,
    labelFormat,
    valueFormat,
    fnParams,
    dataFn,
    resField,
    definedFormat,
  } = props || {}
  const [options, setOptions] = useState<T[]>([]) // 下拉选项
  const [datas, setDatas] = useState<R[]>([]) // 原始数据

  /** 格式化为通用下拉选项结构 */
  const formatToCommonOptions = (list: R[]): T[] => {
    return list?.map((item: R) => {
      const label = labelFormat
        ? labelFormat?.(item)
        : labelField
        ? item?.[labelField]
        : item?.['name' as keyof R] || '' // label取值
      const value = valueFormat
        ? valueFormat?.(item)
        : valueField
        ? item?.[valueField]
        : item?.['id' as keyof R] || '' // value取值

      return { label, value } as T
    })
  }

  // 获取数据
  const getDatas = async () => {
    try {
      const res = fnParams ? await dataFn(fnParams) : await dataFn()

      const list: R[] =
        resField && resField?.length
          ? resField.reduce((pre, cur) => pre?.[cur], res)
          : res
      if (list && Array.isArray(list)) {
        setDatas(list) // 保存原始数据
        setOptions(
          definedFormat ? definedFormat(list) : formatToCommonOptions(list),
        ) // 保存格式化数据
      }
    } catch {
      //
    }
  }

  useEffect(() => {
    getDatas()
  }, [])

  return [options, datas, getDatas]
}

export default useOptions

useSse

import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'

// 定时器的类型
type TimerType = ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined

/**
 * @description SSE暴露的方法
 */
export interface SSEMethods {
  close: () => void
  reconnect: () => void
}

/**
 * SSE连接状态枚举
 */
export enum SSEReadyState {
  CONNECTING, // 连接中
  OPEN, // 已连接
  CLOSED, // 已关闭
}

/**
 * @description 初始化参数
 */
export type EventSourceInit = {
  withCredentials?: boolean
  headers?: Record<string, string>
  payload?: string
}

/**
 * @description SSE连接需要的参数
 * @param T 当前SSE连接的数据结构
 */
export interface SSEProps {
  events?: string[] // 事件名称
  retryInterval?: number // 重试间隔
  heartbeatTimeout?: number // 心跳超时时间
  init?: EventSourceInit // 初始化参数
  onMessage?: (event: MessageEvent) => void // 消息回调
  autoConnect?: boolean // 是否自动连接
  maxRetries?: number // 最大重试次数
}

/**
 * @description SSE连接返回结构
 * @param T 当前SSE连接的数据结构
 */
export interface SSEReturn<T> {
  data: T | null // 当前SSE连接的数据结构
  error: Error | null // 错误
  readyState: SSEReadyState // 连接状态
  methods: SSEMethods // 暴露的方法
  retryCount: number // 当前重试次数
}

/**
 * @description SSE连接状态枚举
 */
export const READY_STATE_MAP = {
  [SSEReadyState.CONNECTING]: '连接中...',
  [SSEReadyState.OPEN]: '已连接',
  [SSEReadyState.CLOSED]: '已关闭',
}

/**
 * @description SSE连接状态枚举
 */
export const READY_STATE_TYPE_MAP = {
  [SSEReadyState.CONNECTING]: 'warning',
  [SSEReadyState.OPEN]: 'success',
  [SSEReadyState.CLOSED]: 'error',
}

/**
 * @description 通用的SSE连接HOOK
 * @param {SSEProps} 连接参数
 */
// 连接地址
const useSse = <T,>(url: string, options: SSEProps): SSEReturn<T> => {
  const {
    autoConnect,
    maxRetries,
    retryInterval = 5 * 1000,
    heartbeatTimeout,
    init,
    events,
    onMessage,
  } = options || {}

  const [readyState, setReadyState] = useState<SSEReadyState>(
    SSEReadyState.CONNECTING,
  ) // 当前连接状态
  const [data, setData] = useState<T | null>(null) // 当前SSE数据
  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null) // 错误
  const sseRef = useRef<EventSource | null>(null) // SSE实例
  const retryTimer = useRef<TimerType | null>(null) // 重试的定时器
  const heartbeatTimer = useRef<TimerType | null>(null) // 心跳的定时器
  const retryCount = useRef<number>(0) // 当前重试次数

  // 初始化SSE
  const initSSE = () => {
    try {
      const sseInstance = new EventSource(url, init)
      sseRef.current = sseInstance

      // sse连接打开事件
      sseInstance.onopen = () => {
        console.log('SSE连接已打开')
        setReadyState(SSEReadyState.OPEN)
        retryCount.current = 0 // 重置重试次数
        startHeatbeat() // 开始心跳
        bindEvents()
      }

      sseInstance.onerror = (e) => {
        setError(new Error(`SSE Error: ${e.type}`))
        setReadyState(SSEReadyState.CLOSED)
        if (autoConnect !== false) reconnect()
      }

      sseInstance.onmessage = handleMessage
    } catch (error) {
      setError(error as Error)
      setReadyState(SSEReadyState.CLOSED)
      if (autoConnect !== false) reconnect()
    }
  }

  // 消息处理事件
  const handleMessage = (event: MessageEvent) => {
    const parsedData = JSON.parse(event.data) as T
    setData(parsedData)
    onMessage?.(event)
  }

  // 重置重试的定时器
  const resetRetryTimer = () => {
    if (retryTimer.current) {
      clearTimeout(retryTimer.current)
      retryTimer.current = null
    }
  }

  // 重置心跳的定时器
  const resetHeartbeatTimer = () => {
    if (heartbeatTimer.current) {
      clearTimeout(heartbeatTimer.current)
      heartbeatTimer.current = null
    }
  }

  // 重连SSE
  const reconnect = () => {
    // 超过最大重试次数就不重试了
    if (maxRetries && retryCount.current >= maxRetries) {
      setReadyState(SSEReadyState.CLOSED)
      return
    }

    resetRetryTimer()
    resetHeartbeatTimer()

    retryTimer.current = setTimeout(() => {
      setReadyState(SSEReadyState.CONNECTING)
      retryCount.current += 1 // 重试次数+1
      initSSE()
    }, retryInterval * (retryCount.current + 1))
  }

  // 开始心跳
  const startHeatbeat = () => {
    if (heartbeatTimeout) {
      resetHeartbeatTimer()
      heartbeatTimer.current = setTimeout(() => {
        setReadyState(SSEReadyState.CLOSED)
        disconnectSSE()
        initSSE()
      }, heartbeatTimeout)
    }
  }

  // 绑定自定义事件
  const bindEvents = () => {
    if (sseRef && events?.length) {
      events?.forEach((eventName) => {
        ;(sseRef as unknown as EventSource).addEventListener(
          eventName,
          handleMessage,
        )
      })
    }
  }

  // 解绑自定义事件
  const unbindEvents = () => {
    if (sseRef && events?.length) {
      events?.forEach((eventName) => {
        ;(sseRef as unknown as EventSource).removeEventListener(
          eventName,
          handleMessage,
        )
      })
    }
  }

  useEffect(() => {
    // 如果是自动连接
    if (autoConnect !== false) {
      initSSE()
    }
    return close
  }, [])

  // 断开SSE连接
  const disconnectSSE = () => {
    const sseInstance = sseRef.current
    if (sseInstance) {
      sseInstance.close()
      sseRef.current = null
    }
  }

  // 关闭
  const close = () => {
    disconnectSSE()
    setReadyState(SSEReadyState.CLOSED)
    resetRetryTimer()
    resetHeartbeatTimer()
    retryCount.current = 0
    setData(null)
    unbindEvents()
  }

  const methods: SSEMethods = {
    close,
    reconnect: () => {
      close()
      initSSE()
    },
  }

  return { data, readyState, retryCount: retryCount.current, error, methods }
}

export default useSse

useWebSocket

import { HeartBeatType } from '@/enums/common'
import { useCallback, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'

// 心跳类型枚举
enum HeartBeatType {
  Ping = 'heartBeatPing', // 心跳发送的消息
  Pong = 'heartBeatPong', // 心跳接收的消息
}

type TimerType = ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined // 定时器的类型

// useWebSocket的参数类型
export interface IWebSocketProps {
  url?: string // socket连接地址
  heartBeatInterval?: number // 心跳检测间隔
  heartBeatData?: HeartBeatType // 心跳检测发送数据
  heartBeatSendData?: any // 心跳检测实际发送数据
  maxReconnectAttempts?: number // 最大重连次数
  reconnectInterval?: number // 重连间隔
}

// 发送数据的类型
export type SendData = string | ArrayBufferLike | Blob | ArrayBufferView

/**
 * @description WebSocket hook封装
 */
export default function useWebSocket(options: IWebSocketProps) {
  const {
    url,
    heartBeatInterval = 60 * 1000,
    heartBeatData = HeartBeatType.Ping,
    heartBeatSendData,
    maxReconnectAttempts = 10,
    reconnectInterval = 5 * 1000,
  } = options

  const socket = useRef<WebSocket>() // socket实例
  const [lastMessage, setLastMessage] = useState<MessageEvent>() // socket消息
  const reconnectAttempts = useRef<number>(0) // 已经尝试重连了的次数
  const error = useRef<Event>() // error
  const curUrlRef = useRef<string>() // curUrlRef

  let heartBeatTimer: TimerType = undefined // 心跳检测的定时器
  let reconnectTimer: TimerType = undefined // 重连的定时器

  // 是否已连接
  const isConnected = useMemo(
    () => socket.current?.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN,
    [socket],
  )

  // 连接
  const connect = useCallback(
    (curUrl: string) => {
      // 如果已存在 WebSocket 实例，则先关闭它
      if (socket) {
        socket.current?.close()
      }

      if (curUrl && !curUrlRef.current) {
        curUrlRef.current = curUrl
      }

      const socketInstance = new WebSocket(curUrl || url!)
      socket.current = socketInstance
      socketInstance.onopen = onopen
      socketInstance.onmessage = onmessage
      socketInstance.onclose = onclose
      socketInstance.onerror = onerror
    },
    [url],
  )

  // 接收消息
  const onmessage = (data: any) => {
    setLastMessage(data)
  }

  // 连接成功
  const onopen = () => {
    console.log('连接成功')
    // 重置重连次数
    reconnectAttempts.current = 0
    // 开始心跳检测
    checkHealthStart()
  }

  // 连接断开
  const onclose = () => {
    console.log('连接断开')
    // 结束心跳检测
    checkHealthEnd()
  }

  // 连接出错
  const onerror = (e: Event) => {
    console.log('连接出错')
    error.current = e
    // 结束心跳检测
    checkHealthEnd()
    // 重连
    reconnect()
  }

  // 断开连接
  const disconnect = () => {
    console.log('连接断开')
    socket.current?.close()
    // 结束心跳检测
    checkHealthEnd()
  }

  // 发送消息
  const sendMessage = (data: SendData) => {
    console.log('即将发送的数据', data)
    if (socket.current?.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
      console.log('真实发送的数据', data)
      socket.current?.send(data)
    }
  }

  // 心跳检测开始
  const checkHealthStart = () => {
    console.log('心跳检测开始')
    checkHealthEnd()
    heartBeatTimer = setTimeout(() => {
      if (socket.current?.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
        sendMessage(
          heartBeatSendData ||
            JSON.stringify({
              type: 'ping',
              data: heartBeatData,
            }),
        )
        checkHealthStart()
      }
    }, heartBeatInterval)
  }

  // 心跳检测结束
  const checkHealthEnd = () => {
    console.log('心跳检测结束')
    clearTimeout(heartBeatTimer)
    heartBeatTimer = undefined
  }

  // 重连
  const reconnect = () => {
    console.log('开始重连')

    // 没有连接并且没有达到重连次数
    if (
      socket.current?.readyState !== WebSocket.OPEN &&
      reconnectAttempts.current <= maxReconnectAttempts
    ) {
      // 使用递增的延迟来避免频繁重连
      reconnectTimer = setTimeout(() => {
        connect(curUrlRef.current || url!)
      }, reconnectInterval * reconnectAttempts.current + 1)
      // 增加重连尝试次数
      reconnectAttempts.current += 1
    } else {
      clearTimeout(reconnectTimer)
      reconnectTimer = undefined
    }
  }

  // 取消重连
  const cancelReconnect = () => {
    clearTimeout(reconnectTimer)
    reconnectTimer = undefined
  }

  return {
    socket,
    lastMessage,
    isConnected,
    error,
    connect,
    disconnect,
    reconnect,
    checkHealthStart,
    sendMessage,
    cancelReconnect,
  }
}

useLocalforage

import localforage from 'localforage'

/**
 * @desc localForage 是一个 JavaScript 库，通过简单类似 localStorage API 的异步存储来改进你的 Web 应用程序的离线体验。它能存储多种类型的数据，而不仅仅是字符串。
  localForage 有一个优雅降级策略，若浏览器不支持 IndexedDB 或 WebSQL，则使用 localStorage。在所有主流浏览器中都可用：Chrome，Firefox，IE 和 Safari（包括 Safari Mobile）。
  localForage 提供回调 API 同时也支持 ES6 Promises API，你可以自行选择。
  * @return getItem 获取某个key的值
  * @return setItem 设置某个key的值
  * @return removeItem 移除某个key的值
  * @return clearItems 移除所有key的值，此方法将会删除离线仓库中的所有值。谨慎使用此方法。
  * @return itemsLength 获取离线仓库中的 key 的数量（即数据仓库的“长度”）
  * @return key 根据 key 的索引获取其名
  * @return keys 获取数据仓库中所有的 key，包含所有 key 名的数组
 */
const useLocalforage = <T = any>(): [
  getItem: (key: string) => Promise<T | null>, // 获取某个key的值
  setItem: (key: string, value: T) => Promise<T>, // 设置某个key的值
  removeItem: (key: string) => Promise<boolean>, // 移除某个key的值
  clearItems: () => Promise<boolean>, // 移除所有key的值，此方法将会删除离线仓库中的所有值。谨慎使用此方法。
  itemsLength: () => Promise<number>, // 获取离线仓库中的 key 的数量（即数据仓库的“长度”）
  key: (index: number) => Promise<string | null>, // 根据 key 的索引获取其名
  keys: () => Promise<string[]>, // 获取数据仓库中所有的 key，包含所有 key 名的数组
] => {
  /**
   * @desc 获取某个key的值
   * @param {string} key 要获取的key
   * @return {Promise<T | null>} 返回一个Promise，值的类型是T或者是null
   */
  const getItem = (key: string): Promise<T | null> => {
    return localforage
      .getItem<T>(key)
      .then((value) => Promise.resolve(value))
      .catch((err) => Promise.reject(err))
  }

  /**
   * @desc 设置某个key的值
   * @param {string} key 要设置的key
   * @param {T} value 要设置的key的值
   * @return {Promise<T>} 返回一个Promise，值的类型是T
   */
  const setItem = (key: string, value: T): Promise<T> => {
    return localforage
      .setItem<T>(key, value)
      .then((value) => Promise.resolve(value))
      .catch((err) => Promise.reject(err))
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从离线仓库中删除 key 对应的值
   * @param {string} key 要删除的key
   * @return {Promise<Boolean>} 返回一个Promise，值的类型是Boolean，为了保证不阻塞代码执行，移除时报错会返回Promise<false>，各位大佬可以根据返回值来判断是否移除成功
   */
  const removeItem = (key: string): Promise<boolean> => {
    return localforage
      .removeItem(key)
      .then(() => Promise.resolve(true))
      .catch(() => Promise.resolve(false))
  }

  /**
   * @desc 从数据库中删除所有的 key，重置数据库.将会删除离线仓库中的所有值。谨慎使用此方法
   * @return {Promise<Boolean>} 返回一个Promise，值的类型是Boolean，为了保证不阻塞代码执行，移除时报错会返回Promise<false>，各位大佬可以根据返回值来判断是否移除成功
   */
  const clearItems = (): Promise<boolean> => {
    return localforage
      .clear()
      .then(() => Promise.resolve(true))
      .catch(() => Promise.resolve(false))
  }

  /**
   * @desc 获取离线仓库中的 key 的数量（即数据仓库的“长度”）
   * @return {Promise<number>} 返回一个Promise，值的类型是number
   */
  const itemsLength = (): Promise<number> => {
    return localforage
      .length()
      .then((numberOfKeys) => Promise.resolve(numberOfKeys))
      .catch((err) => Promise.reject(err))
  }

  /**
   * @desc 根据 key 的索引获取其名
   * @param {number} index 要删除的key
   * @return {Promise<string>} 返回一个Promise，key名，值的类型是string
   */
  const key = (index: number): Promise<string | null> => {
    return localforage
      .key(index)
      .then((keyName) => Promise.resolve(keyName))
      .catch((err) => Promise.reject(err))
  }

  /**
   * @desc 获取数据仓库中所有的key名数组
   * @return {Promise<string[]>} 返回一个Promise，key名数组，值的类型是string[]
   */
  const keys = (): Promise<string[]> => {
    return localforage
      .keys()
      .then((keys) => Promise.resolve(keys))
      .catch((err) => Promise.reject(err))
  }

  return [getItem, setItem, removeItem, clearItems, itemsLength, key, keys]
}

export default useLocalforage